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Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) is a commonly used buffer for biological and IHC applications. PBS is used for all processes that require a salt concentration close to the physiological state, adapted to the pH value required in histology or in cell culture techniques. PBS is mainly used as a wash buffer in histology, serology, cell culture, biochemical assays (ELISA, RIA) and protein purification. Phosphate buffers should not be used in enzyme assays where competition for phosphate groups or complexation with a metal ion is essential for enzyme activation.

Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) is an organic compound commonly used as a component of buffer solutions. TRIS-buffered saline (TBS) has many applications because it is isotonic and non-toxic. It is used as a diluent and wash buffer in ELISA, Western blotting and general immunoassay procedures. In IHC it is used to reduce strong background staining or when using alkaline phosphatase conjugated antibodies. TBS is often used in dilution of secondary antibodies or streptavidinAP conjugates. Additives such as Tween20 allow additional functions.

Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) is an organic compound commonly used as a component of buffer solutions. TRIS-buffered saline (TBS) has many applications because it is isotonic and non-toxic. It is used as a diluent and wash buffer in ELISA, Western blotting and general immunoassay procedures. In IHC it is used to reduce strong background staining or when using alkaline phosphatase conjugated antibodies. TBS is often used in dilution of secondary antibodies or streptavidinAP conjugates. Additives such as Tween20 allow additional functions.