دسته بندی: آنتی بادیهای ایمونوهیستوشیمی

Name: CDX2 Antibody Clone EP25

Description and applications: The caudal-related homeodomain protein 2, CDX-2, is a transcription factor which is expressed in the intestine and is thought to play an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells. The CDX-2 protein is expressed in primary and metastatic colorectal carcinomas, intestinal metaplasia of the stomach and intestinal type gastric cancer. In human colorectal cancer, the expression of both CDX2 and carbonic anhydrase 1, a gene regulated by CDX2, is reduced or absent. CDX-2 is one of the important regulators in defining pathways for coordinate control of drug metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract. Most of the mucinous adenocarcinomas of the ovary, ampullary, gastric or esophageal adenocarcinomas show immunoreactivity for CDX2 even though,heterogeneous and less intense than in colorectal carcinomas. In endometrial and pancreatic adenocarcinomas CDX2 expression it is exceptional while breast adenocarcinomas, including the mucinous ones, stain negative for CDX2. Approximately 10% of lung adenocarcinomas may be positive for CDX2.

Composition: anti-human Thyroglobulin rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from ascites. Prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Immunogen: A synthetic peptide corresponding to residues near the C-term of human CDX-2 protein.

Name: CDX2 Antibody (Clone EP25)

Description and applications: The caudal-related homeodomain protein 2, CDX-2, is a transcription factor which is expressed in the intestine and is thought to play an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells. The CDX-2 protein is expressed in primary and metastatic colorectal carcinomas, intestinal metaplasia of the stomach and intestinal type gastric cancer. In human colorectal cancer, the expression of both CDX2 and carbonic anhydrase 1, a gene regulated by CDX2, is reduced or absent. CDX-2 is one of the important regulators in defining pathways for coordinate control of drug metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract. Most of the mucinous adenocarcinomas of the ovary, ampullary, gastric or esophageal adenocarcinomas show immunoreactivity for CDX2 even though,heterogeneous and less intense than in colorectal carcinomas. In endometrial and pancreatic adenocarcinomas CDX2 expression it is exceptional while breast adenocarcinomas, including the mucinous ones, stain negative for CDX2. Approximately 10% of lung adenocarcinomas may be positive for CDX2.

Composition: anti-human Thyroglobulin rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from ascites. Prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Immunogen: A synthetic peptide corresponding to residues near the C-term of human CDX-2 protein.

Name : Rabbit anti-human CGA (Glycoprotein Hormone Alpha) Monoclonal Antibody clone EP3373

Description and applications: CGA belongs to the glycoprotein hormones alpha chain family, which includes the alpha subunits of chorionic gonadotropin (CG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH). Glycoprotein hormones have the most complex chemical structures of the classical protein hormones. They are dimers consisting of alpha and beta subunits that are covalently associated. These hormones share the same alpha subunit; however, their beta chains are unique and confer them biological specificity. These hormones are essential for the complex endocrine system, which regulates normal growth, sexual development, and reproductive function.The gene encoding the chorionic gonadotropin alpha chain is located on the chromosome region 6q14.3. Hormones LH, FSH, and TSH are secreted by the anterior pituitary, whereas CG is secreted by the placenta. Immunohistochemical detection of chorionic gonadotropin alpha and beta subunits is observed in most non-functional pituitary adenomas, whereas only about 0.6% of these adenomas express the alpha subunit exclusively. In serum, hypersecretion of chorionic gonadotropin alpha subunit is observed in more than 65% of non-functional adenomas, which makes this antibody a useful tool for confirming diagnosis.

Composition: Anti-human CGA rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide

Intended use: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin embedded tissues. Not tested on frozen tissues or Western-Blotting

Immunogen: Synthetic peptide corresponding to human protein CGA residues.

Name: Chromogranin A Antibody Clone LK2H10 

Description and aplications: Chromogranin A (a protein of 439-amino acid which is encoded on chromosome 14) is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and small intestine, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets. It is an excellent marker for carcinoid tumors, pheo-chromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other neuro-endocrine tumors. Coexpression of chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase (NSE) is common in neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Composition: anti-human Chromogranin A mouse monoclonal antibody purified from ascites. Prepared in10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Immunogen: Human pheochromocytoma.

Name: c-Myc  Antibody clone Y69

Description and applications: The c-MYC gene is located at chromosome 8q24. It is required for
progression through the cell cycle and promotes cellular proliferation. The t(8;14)(q24;q32) translocation and the c-MYC/immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IGH) fusion gene are not only in Burkitt lymphoma, but are also seen in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, blastic mantle cell lymphoma and transformed follicular lymphoma. In another study on predicting c-MYC translocation in 17 cases of Burkitt lymphomas (BLs) and 19 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs), Ruzinova et al. reported that the sensitivity and specificity of this c-Myc antibody on identifying tumor harboring a c- MYC rearrangement reached 96% and 90% respectively. This novel c-Myc antibody is a useful tool for identifying aggressive B-cell lymphomas likely to harbor a c-MYC rearrangement, and thus warrant genetic testing. In addition to its aberrant expression in lymphomas, c-Myc amplification and overexpression are also implicated in tumor progression or prognosis in many other malignancies including pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer and soft tissue leiomyosarcoma. By utilizing this anti-c- Myc antibody coupled with genetically defined control experiments, a recent study by Gurel et al. demonstrated the specificity of this c-Myc antibody in the staining of paraffin-embedded prostate normal and tumor tissues. Upregulation of nuclear c-Myc protein expression may be a critical oncogenic event in driving human prostate cancer initiation and progression.

Composition: Anti-human c-Myc rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Immunogen: A synthetic peptide corresponding to residues in N-terminus of human c-Myc protein.

Name: Collagen II Antibody Clone 2B1.5

Description and applications:This antibody is highly specific to type II collagen and shows no crossreaction with types I, III, IV, V, VI, IX, X, or XI. In Western blotting, 2B1.5 MAb reacts with the TCB fragment of pepsin digested type II collagen after digestion with mammalian collagenase. It also reacts with lathyritic type II collagen.

Composition: Anti-human Collagen II mouse monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Immunogen: A purified preparation of lathyritic type II collagen from embryonic chicken sternum.

Name: Podoplanin Antibody Clone D2-40

Description and applications: D2-40 recognizes the M2A antigen encoded by the gene Prox1 localised on the chromosomal region 1q32.2–q32.3. It consists in a sialoglycoprotein of 40 kDa, containing mucin-type carbohydrate structure required to preserve the antigenicity of this molecule. M2A is expressed in lymphatic vessels and is absent in venous and arterial vascular endothelium. Other normal tissue that express Podoplanin are myoepithelial cell, mesothelial cells, dendritic cells, cells of the biliary ducts, osteocytes, chondrocytes, granulosa cells, squamous epithelium basal cells etc.  It is expressed in various types of vascular tumors, seminomas and in some degree embryonal carcinomas, mesotheliomas, haemangioblastomas, schwanomas, dermatofibromas, thricoblastomas etc.

Composition: anti-Podoplanin mouse monoclonal antibody obtained from supernatant culture and prediluted in a tris buffered solution pH 7.4 containing 0.375mM sodium azide solution as bacteriostatic and bactericidal.

Name: Rabbit anti-human Cyclin E1 Monoclonal Antibody clone EP126

Description and applications: This antibody reacts with human protein cyclin E. E-type cyclins (cyclin E1 and cyclin E2) are expressed during the late G1 phase of the cell cycle and until the end of the S phase. Cyclin E activity is limited by the passage of the cells through the “R” restriction point, which marks a “point of no return” for cells going into division from a quiescent state (G0) or through G1 and S phases. Cyclin E expression is mainly regulated by gene transcription by members of the E2F transcription factor family and by degradation through the proteasome catabolic pathway. Cyclin E binds and activates Cdk2 kinase and, through phosphorylation of this kinase’s substrate, the socalled pocket proteins, the cyclin/Cdk2 complex regulates the entry into the S phase by initiating a cascade of events that allows the specific expression of S-phase genes. In addition, cyclin E plays a direct role in the initiation of DNA replication and in the control of genomic and centrosome stability. Overexpression of cyclin E shortens the G1 phase of the cell cycle, accelerating progression to the S phase. High levels of cyclin E expression have been associated with the initiation and progression of different human neoplasms, particularly breast cancer, leukaemias, and lymphomas, among others.

Composition: Anti-human Cyclin E1 rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide

Intended use: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin embedded tissues. Not tested on frozen tissues or Western-Blotting

Immunogen: Recombinant protein corresponding to residues from human protein cyclin E.

Name: Cytokeratin 10 Antibody Clone SP99

Description and applications: Cytokeratin 10 is a type I cytokeratin, expressed by suprabasal cells of stratified and cornified epithelia. Its defects are implicated in bullous congenital ichthyosiform rythroderma, epidermolytic hyperkeratosis and diffuse non-epidermolytic palomoplantar keratoderma.

Composition: Anti-human Cytokeratin 10 rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide,

Immunogen: Synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminus of human keratin 10.

Name: Keratin 13 Monoclonal Antibody Clone EP69

Description and aplications: The nomenclature coined in 1982 by Moll and Franke assigned ranges from 1 to 8 for cytokeratin type II (neutral or basic) and between 9 and 21 for type I (acidic). However and because of the high homology among the different molecules is common for a single monoclonal antibody to react with different types of keratins , for example keratin brand AE1 keratins 10, 14 , 15, 16 and 19. The 54 kD keratin 13 is the major acidic keratin that is assembled in vivo with type 4 and is expressed in the suprabasal cells of the multilayered keratinizing epithelium of mucous membranes, transitional epithelium, pseudostratified epithelium and myoepithelial cells. The monoclonal anti- keratin 13 antibody has been used as a marker for non-keratinized squamous epithelium and is expressed in various squamous metaplasias, but is down regulated in squamous dysplasia and squamous carcinoma. It is useful to identify epithelial derived tumors of the trachea, apocrine and eccrine sweat glands, salivary glands, stem cells of the endocervical glands, bladder, exocervix , tongue, esophagus, anus and basal layer of the epidermis.In addition, mutations in the gene sequence of keratin 13 have been implicated in genetic disease known as autosomal dominant white sponge nevus of the oral cavity.

Composition: anti-Keratin 13 rabbit monoclonal antibody obtained from supernatant culture and prediluted in a tris buffered solution pH 7.4 containing 0.375mM sodium azide solution as bacteriostatic and bactericidal. The amount of the active antibody was not determined.

Immunogen: Synthetic peptide corresponding to human keratin 13 residues.

Name: Prolactin Antibody clone EP193

Description and applications: Prolactin is a peptide hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that is necessary for the proliferation and differentiation of the mammary glands. Prolactin also acts in a cytokine-like manner and as an important regulator of the immune system. Prolactin has important cell cycle related functions as a growth, differentiating and antiapoptotic factor. Prolactin is secreted by lactotrophs in the anterior pituitary. Prolactin producing cells make up approximately 20 percent of the pituitary. Elevated counts of these cells have been observed in pregnant women, newborns and in multiparous women. An antibody to prolactin is useful for the identification of pituitary tumors.

Composition: Anti-human Prolactin rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide

Immunogen: A synthetic peptide corresponding to residues of human Prolactin protein