ایمونو هیستوشیمی
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آنتی بادیهای ایمونوهیستوشیمیآنتی بادی SATB2 (DNA-Binding Protein SATB2) (EP281)
اطلاعات بیشترName: DNA-Binding Protein SATB2 Monoclonal Antibody clone EP281
Description and applications: DNA-binding protein SATB2, also known as Special ATrich sequence-binding protein 2, is a nuclear matrixassociated transcription factor. SATB2 acts as a docking site for chromatin remodelling enzymes and recruits co-activators and co-repressors to control nuclear gene expression. SATB2 also regulates skeletal development, osteoblast differentiation, and modulates immunoglobulin expression. In normal tissues, strong nuclear SATB2 expression is observed in essentially all glandular cells lining the lower gastrointestinal tract, including the appendix, colon, and rectum. SATB2 is also expressed in a subset of neuronal cells from the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. In tumor tissues, SATB2 is detected in cancer cells of colorectal origin and may function as a clinically useful diagnostic marker for colorectal cancer (CRC). In a multi-cohort study with 1882 primary and metastatic CRCs, SATB2 shows high sensitivity (85%) for CRC, and further enhanced to 93% when stained in conjunction with Cytokeratin 20. A recent study showed SATB2 expression in 89% of medullary carcinomas of the large intestine. SATB2 has been suggested as a valuable prognostic marker: high SATB2 expression was determined as an independent marker of good prognosis and sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiation in CRC while loss of SATB2 expression was correlated with poor prognosis in laryngeal carcinoma patients.
Composition: Anti-human SATB2 rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide
Intended use: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin embedded tissues. Not tested on frozen tissues or Western-Blotting
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آنتی بادیهای ایمونوهیستوشیمیآنتی بادی Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEAm) (COL-1)
اطلاعات بیشترName: CEAm Antibody clone COL-1
Description and applications: This antibody has a high affinity for CEA and shows no detectable reactivity to nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA), biliary glycoprotein (BGP) and human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Ab-3 shows no reaction with a variety of normal tissues .CEA is not found in benign glands, stroma, or malignant prostatic cells. Antibody to CEA is useful in detecting early foci of gastric carcinoma and in distinguishing pulmonary adenocarcinomas (60-70% are CEA+) from pleural mesotheliomas (rarely or weakly CEA+).
Composition: anti-human CEA mouse monoclonal antibody purified from ascites. Prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide
Intended use: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin embedded tissues. Not tested on frozen tissues or Western-Blotting
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آنتی بادیهای ایمونوهیستوشیمیآنتی بادی S100-A1 Protein (EP184)
اطلاعات بیشترName: S100-A1 Protein Antibody clone EP184
Description and applications: The S100-A1 protein belongs to the S100 protein family, a set of 25 small acidic molecules with a molecular mass of 10-12 kDa that are functionally grouped into homo or heterodimers composed of two subunits, alpha and beta, with extensive sequence homology and capable of combining with each other. There exist up to 14 variants of the alpha chain gene, which is located on chromosome 1q21; on the contrary, there is only one sequence of the beta chain gene, located on chromosome 21q22.3, showing its greater functional specificity. Depending on the combination between the alpha and beta single chains and the homology of their sequences, there exist three forms of S-100 protein: A, with at least 15 subtypes between A1 and A15, B, and G. In their dimeric form, S100 proteins, together with calmodulin and troponin C, belong to the calcium binding protein family; their affinity for this ion, as well as for other metals such as zinc, is remarkable. It is for this reason that the S100 protein is involved in numerous basic cellular activities such as cation diffusion across lipid membranes, microtubule assembly, and regulation of RNA polymerase activity. In neurons, the S100 protein also regulates the interaction between chromosomes and synaptosomes. As for the S100-A1 protein, its most important role is to regulate myocardial contractility. In normal tissues, S100-A1 protein expression is observed at the sarcolemma of the cardiac and the skeletal muscle, in a smaller proportion in the latter; likewise, this protein is found in renal tubule and brain cells. It is not expressed in other tissues. In neoplasms, S100-A1 protein expression has been investigated predominantly in renal tumour pathology, where it is important for the diagnosis of oncocytic tumours, both oncocytomas and oncocytic papillary carcinomas, and allows the differential diagnosis with chromophobe carcinomas, especially its eosinophilic variant, which does not express this protein. For this reason, the S100-A1 protein, together with cytokeratin 7, vimentin, and c-kit (CD117) has been included in the optimal panel for the diagnosis of renal oncocytomas. Additionally, and compared to normal urothelium, which may exhibit very slight staining, nephrogenic adenomas show intense cytoplasmic and/or nuclear/cytoplasmic staining. For all of the above reasons, the S100-A1 protein, together with PAX8, p63, PSA, and CEA, is a highly sensitive and specific marker for the diagnosis of nephrogenic adenomas, making it a useful marker in the differential diagnosis of male urinary and genital system tumours, including prostatic adenocarcinomas, which are regularly negative for this protein. The S100-A1 protein is also useful in the differential diagnosis between dysplastic melanocytic nevi and malignant melanoma, with slight staining in the former and more intense staining in the latter, in contrast to the S100-B protein, which tends to
present greater expression in nevus lesions, except in areas of melanoma with high proliferation. Finally, in both endometrial and ovarian endometrioid carcinomas, S100-A1 protein overexpression is an
indicator of a poorer prognosi .Composition: Anti-human S100-A1 Protein rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide
Intended use: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin embedded tissues. Not tested on frozen tissues or Western-Blotting
Clone: EP184
Ig isotype: IgG
IHC positive control: Myocardium, skeletal muscle, or renal cell carcinoma tissue section.
Visualization: Cytoplasm.
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آنتی بادیهای ایمونوهیستوشیمیآنتی بادی ROS1 (Proto-Oncogene Tyrosine-Protein Kinase ROS)(D4D6)
اطلاعات بیشترName: Proto-Oncogene Tyrosine-Protein Kinase Antibody clone D4D6
Description and applications: The transmembrane proto-oncogene tyrosine- kinase protein ROS, better known as ROS1, is a protein belonging to the insulin receptors tyrosine-kinase subfamily whose production is encoded by the ROS (MCF3) gene, located in the 6q22.1 chromosome region. After its activation, this gene intervenes in numerous molecular pathways related to the cell differentiation, proliferation, growth and survival including the activation of the PI3K-mTOR pathway. Chromosome aberrations affecting the ROS gene have been described in the glioblastoma multiforme through fusions of the C-terminal portion of ROS1 with the N-terminal domain of the FIG (Fused in Glioblastoma) encoded in the GOPC gene. The chimeric protein GOPC-ROS1 is located at the level of the Golgi apparatus and presents activity as tyrosine kinase receptor. Other fusions of ROS1 with different genes such as SLC34A2, CD74, EZR, LRIG3, SDC4, TPM3, CCDC6 or KDELR2 among others, have as a result the appearance and expression of several chimeric proteins in 1-3 % of cases of lung adenocarcinoma and represents the therapeutic target for Crizotinib and analog molecules. Non-specific staining on macrophages and reactive type II pneumocytes has also been described in isolated cases, whereas mucinous adenocarcinomas in general show low diffuse cytoplasmic staining in the absence of the translocation of the ROS1 gene. In order to identify the cases of lung carcinomas with translocations of ROS1, complex techniques of RT-PCR and FISH can be used, although the rabbit monoclonal antibody D4D6 has been recently validated as an useful screening tool for positive cases of immunostaining against ROS1, which in comparative studies through in situ hybridization techniques with break-apart probes has proven a sensitivity and specificity of over 95%. In order to consider a case as positive for ROS1, the immunostaining has to be strong or moderately intense on the membrane and/or the cytoplasm in more than 75% of tumor cells. Depending on the type of fusion of the ROS1 gene, other immunostaining patterns can be expressed as cytoplasmic punctiform in the CD74-ROS1 cases or cytoplasmic with linear accentuation in the lateral or apical membrane in the EZR-ROS1 cases. Although the morphology of the tumor cannot be considered as a criterion to select the positive ROS1 cases, the solid, micro-papillary, cribriform and signet ring cell growth patterns have been observed more frequently among the positive ROS1 cases. Focal and low-intensity staining can also be observed in up to 30% of the non-translocated cases. Therefore, the result must be confirmed with other analytical methods. 50% of the inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors also present translocation of the ALK gene, whereas the remaining ones show a little known genetic profile. It has been recently proven in a relatively low number of cases that up to 10% of these tumors show diffuse cytoplasmic or punctiform staining against the D4D6 clone (with translocation confirmed through FISH and RT-PCR techniques). In this same study, the antibody proved weak, focak nuclear staining in cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors, myofibroblastic sarcomas, leiomyosarcomas and follicular dendritic cell sarcomas.Less than 1% of colorectal adenocarcinomas and up to 5% of stomach adenocarcinomas can show translocations of the ROS1 gene and consequential cytoplasmic staining. The low percentage of colorectal adenocarcinomas makes the gene as a potential therapeutic target, but in the case of the stomach adenocarcinomas, it can represent a therapeutic alternative, since, in general, the positive ROS1 cases show a non-amplified phenotype of HER2 and MET.
Composition: Anti-human ROS1 rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide
Immunogen: Human colon carcinoma extract.
Species reactivity: In vitro diagnostics in humans. Not tested in other species
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آنتی بادیهای ایمونوهیستوشیمیآنتی بادی SDHB (EP288)
اطلاعات بیشترName: SDHB Monoclonal Antibody clone EP288
Description and applications: Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is Complex II in the mitochondria, vital for mitochondrial electron transport, as well as Krebs cycle function. SDH catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate and transfers electrons to ubiquinone through the coordination of its four subunits (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD). The SDH complex functions as a tumor suppressor. Loss of any subunit proteins lead to destabilization of the complex and tumor formation. SDH subunit B (SDHB) is ubiquitously expressed in normal tissues. Germline mutations in SDHB, SDHC, or SDHD genes predisposes development of phaeochromocytoma, paraganglioma and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). SDHB immunohistochemistry is helpful in identification of phaeochromocytomas, paragangliomas or GIST with SDHB mutation.
Composition: Anti-human SDHB rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide
Intended use: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin embedded tissues. Not tested on frozen tissues or Western-Blotting
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آنتی بادیهای ایمونوهیستوشیمیآنتی بادی LEF1 (Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1) (EP310)
اطلاعات بیشترName: Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1 Antibody clone EP310
Description and applications: LEF1 is a nuclear protein of 42 kDa of molecular weight that is codified by the gen LEF1 located on the chromosomal region 4q25. It belongs to a family of regulatory proteins that share structural homology with high mobility group proteins (HMG1). LEF1 is expressed in pre-B and pre-T lymphocytes, where, through the Wnt signaling pathway, acts as an essential transcription factor for the proliferation and survival of these cells. The activations of the Wnt pathway leads to the accumulation of β-catenin and, eventually, to the gene transcription involved in the survival and cell cycle. The sustained activation with overexpression of LEF1, as it occurs in the chronic ymphoid leukemia, has been proven to play an important role in the molecular carcinogenesis, where its inhibition in experimental animal models leads to apoptosis of the neoplastic cells. In normal lymphoid tissues, the nuclear staining of LEF1 is observed to be predominant in T cells of the paracortical regions without being detected in the B cells, where their differentiation towards mature elements and plasmocytes is accompanied by the loss of the expression of LEF1.
In lymphoid neoplasias, the presence of over 10% of stained tumor cells is considered as positive staining and LEF1 is a marker with high specificity for the diagnosis of chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma, including both the CD5 positive and CD5 negative cases if the cell morphology is concordant. The staining of LEF1 is in direct correlation with the expression of ZAP70 and implies a more favorable prognosis for the neoplasia without observing a correlation with the expression of CD38, the deletion of p53 or the trisomy 12. Nonetheless, and in probable relation with the sensitivity and specificity of the methods and antibodies used for the detection of LEF1, in other lymphomas, variable positive results have been obtained, so that the antibody has focal staining in up to 50% of the high grade follicular lymphomas and 40% of the diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, of which 18% are associated with the transformation of CLL in the Richter’s syndrome. In this later case, the staining is usually more intense in the areas with more atypia. Although most of publications confirm the negativity of the marginal and mantel cell lymphomas, more recent studies have proven focal staining in isolated cases. Additionally, and as LEF1 offers simultaneous staining in the reactive T lymphocytes often trapped within the clonal proliferative process, the correlation of the staining of LEF1 with other T marker as CD3, as well as other specific markers, is very advisable. LEF1 expression in other neoplasias, such as colon or pancreatic adenocarcinomas, has been mentioned in
isolated studies.Composition: Anti-human LEF1 rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide
Intended use: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin embedded tissues. Not tested on frozen tissues or Western-Blotting
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ایمونو هیستوشیمیEDTA Buffer 10X pH8
اطلاعات بیشترProduct Composition: 10mM EDTA pH8.0.
Intended Use: Product for in vitro diagnostic use
Recommendations for Use:
Before use: The EDTA solution is 10x concentrated and therefore before use it should be diluted in a 1:10 range with distilled or deionized water (one part EDTA buffer and 9 parts water).
-Cut and mount sections on charged slides or silane coated.-Dewaxing (using xylene or substitute) and rehydrate the tissue sections thru decreasing series of alcohol. Then follow with the step 3 and 4.
-Unmasking: various alternative methods could be used to carry out the antigen retrieval
process using the diluted EDTA buffer-Remove the sections and place them into the usual washing buffer (recommended TBS / TBS-Tween pH 7.5 – reference MAD-004077R)
-Proceed with the immunostaining protocol as usual.
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ایمونو هیستوشیمیTris-EDTA Buffer 10X pH9
اطلاعات بیشترProduct Composition: TRIS BASE and EDTA pH 9.00
Intended Use: Product for in vitro diagnostic use
Recommendations for Use:
Before use: The TRIS EDTA solution is 10x concentrated and therefore it must be diluted in a
1:10 range with distilled or deionized water (one part TRIS EDTA buffer and 9 parts water).
1. – Cut and mount sections on either charged or silane coated slides.
2A. – In case of using an automated PT Module for simultaneous dewaxing, rehydrating and antigen (HIER) retrieval, follow the instructions enclosed in the equipment data sheet. Basically, fill the tanks with 1.5 litres of diluted, ready-to-use buffer solution, place the slides without dewaxing into the racks and then immerse them into the buffer solution. Program the PT Module for a cycle of antigen retrieval of 20min at 95ºC and then cool to room temperature. Then follow with the step 4.
2B. – In case of not using the PT Module for HIER continue with dewaxing (using xylene or substitute) and rehydration of the tissue sections through decreasing series of ethanol. Then follow with the step 3 and 4.3. – Unmasking: different alternative methods could be used to carry out the antigen retrieval process using the diluted TRIS EDTA buffer:
3.1 Unmasking in microwave: Place the sections in the diluted solution of TRIS EDTA (Coplin jar or other container with a volume as large as the laboratory considers) and bring the microwave oven to 700 watts (watt) for 10-15 minutes). Cool to room temperature.
3.2 Unmasking in pressure cooker: Fill the pressure cooker with 1-2 litres of diluted TRIS EDTA buffer. While hydrating the slides, heat the solution avoiding boiling. Then immerse the sections in the preheated buffer and close the pressure cooker. Wait until the pressure rises to the second notch and run from here 1-2 minutes (depending on the antigen unmasking). Remove and cool the pot (you can speed up the process placing the pot under running water). Open when there is no pressure and cool the slides inside of the pot for 20-30 minutes.
4. – Remove the sections and place them into the usual washing buffer (recommended TBS / TBS-Tween pH 7.5 – reference MAD-004077R)
5. – Proceed with the immunostaining protocol as usual -
ایمونو هیستوشیمیCitrate Buffer 10X PH6
اطلاعات بیشترProduct Composition: Sodium- CITRATE pH6.0.
Intended Use: Product for in vitro diagnostic use
Recommendations for Use:
Before use: The CITRATE solution is 10x concentrated and therefore it must be diluted in a 1:10 range with distilled or deionized water (one part CITRATE buffer and 9 parts water).
1. – Cut and mount sections on either charged or silane coated slides.
2A. – In case of using an automated PT Module for simultaneous dewaxing, rehydrating and antigen (HIER) retrieval, follow the instructions enclosed in the equipment data sheet. Basically, fill the tanks with 1.5 litres of diluted, ready-to-use buffer solution, place the slides without dewaxing into the racks and then immerse them into the buffer solution. Program the PT Module for a cycle of antigen retrieval of 20min at 95ºC and then cool to room temperature. Then follow with the step 4.
2B. – In case of not using the PT Module for HIER continue with dewaxing (using xylene or substitute) and rehydration of the tissue sections through decreasing series of ethanol. Then follow with the step 3 and 4.3. – Unmasking: different alternative methods could be used to carry out the antigen retrieval
process using the diluted CITRATE buffer:
3.1 Unmasking in microwave: Place the sections in the diluted solution of CITRATE (Coplin jar or other container with a volume as large as the laboratory considers) and bring the microwave oven to 700 watts (watt) for 10-15 minutes). Cool to room temperature.
3.2 Unmasking in pressure cooker: Fill the pressure cooker with 1-2 litres of diluted CITRATE buffer. While hydrating the slides, heat the solution avoiding boiling. Then immerse the sections in the preheated buffer and close the pressure cooker. Wait until the pressure rises to the second notch and run from here 1-2 minutes (depending on the antigen unmasking). Remove and cool the pot (you can speed up the process placing the pot under running water). Open when there is no pressure and cool the slides inside of the pot for 20-30 minutes.
4. – Remove the sections and place them into the usual washing buffer (recommended TBS / TBS-Tween pH 7.5 – reference MAD-004077R)
5. – Proceed with the immunostaining protocol as usual. -
ایمونو هیستوشیمیTBS Tween 20 Buffer 10X
اطلاعات بیشترProduct Composition: The composition of the 10x concentrated product is: Tris-HCl 500 mM, NaCl 3M, 0.5 % Tween 20, pH 7.5.
Recommendations for Use:
Before start using the product: This solution is 10x concentrated, so before its use it must be diluted
1:10 with double-distilled or deionized water (1 part of buffer and 9 parts of water). -
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ایمونو هیستوشیمیPBS BUFFER
اطلاعات بیشترProduct Composition: 10 mM Sodium/Potassium Phosphate pH 7.4, 0.9% Sodium Chloride
Recommendations for Use:
Before start using the product: The solution is concentrated, so a dilution prior to its use is required. To do this, the content of each sachet is diluted in 1 L of double-distilled or deionized water.
1- Cut and mount the sections on silane-treated slides.
2- Deparaffinize and hydrate the tissue sections.
3- Retrieval: For the retrieval process, the appropriate antigen retrieval agent is used for each antibody (specified by the manufacturer).
4.- Remove sections and place them in PBS, pH 7.40.
5.- Proceed with the immunohistochemical staining. -
آنتی بادیهای ایمونوهیستوشیمیآنتی بادی Ep-CAM (EP155)
اطلاعات بیشترName: Ep-CAM/Epithelial Specific Antigen Monoclonal Antibody clone EP-155
Description and Applications: Anti-MOC-31 reacts with a transmembrane glycoprotein present on most glandular epithelium and tumors originating from such epithelium. This antibody has been used to distinguish adenocarcinoma from mesothelioma and hepatocellular carcinoma. This antibody is also useful in distinguishing serous carcinomas of the ovary from mesothelioma.
Composition: Anti-human Ep-CAM mouse monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide
Intended use: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin embedded tissues. Not tested on frozen tissues or Western-Blotting
IHC positive control:Breast, colon or lung adenocarcinoma
Visualization: Cell cytoplasm and membrane
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آنتی بادیهای ایمونوهیستوشیمیآنتی بادی CD25 (4C9)
اطلاعات بیشترName: CD25 antibody clone 4C9
Description and aplications: The CD25 molecule, also known as IK-2 receptor alpha, IL2RA, p55, T-cell growth factor receptor (TCGFR) or TAC antigen is an activation antigen present, along with CD4, in regulatory T cells. The gene that controls its expression, with 8 exons and over 25 kb, codes the alpha subunit of the cell surface receptor IL-2 and is located in the chromosome region 10p15.1. The regulatory T cells, since they suppress the activation of autoreactive T cells controlling the immune tolerance, prevent autoimmune diseases and, as negative collateral effects, avoid the destruction of tumor cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and act as suppressors of the NK cells. Partial deletions of the CD25 gene are responsible for immunodeficiency 41 (characterized by the association of various lymphoproliferative syndromes with autoimmune diseases) and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type 10, a variant of diabetes mellitus type I associated with autoimmune diseases and with typical familial aggregation. In normal tissues, CD25 can be expressed by activated B and T lymphocytes, macrophages and osteoblasts. Some thymocytes, myeloid precursors and oligodendrocytes can also show immunostaining. This molecule is not expressed in normal mastocytes. According to the classification system of the World Health Organization, the main diagnostic criterion for the involvement of bone marrow by systemic mastocytosis (SM) is the presence of dense aggregates (more than 15 cells) of mastocytes. For this reason, the aberrant expression of CD25 as a low affinity receptor for interleukin-2 (IL-2) by neoplastic mast cells is a good diagnostic tool to distinguish them from reactive proliferations of mast cells, and for this reason it has recently become a minor criterion for the diagnosis of SM, where aberrant staining of mastocytes aggregates by anti-CD25 antibody is diagnostic of SM. The anti-CD25 antibody has also been useful for the identification of mastocytes on skin biopsies in the context of urticaria pigmentosa as a predictor of systemic mastocytosis. Additionally, the quantification of regulatory T-cells (Treg) expressing CD25 in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma has been used as an independent predictor of tumor recurrence following liver resection of a previous hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, the percentage of regulatory T cells FOXP3+ CD25+ infiltrating between melanoma tumor cells and in their periphery is significantly higher in melanomas with recurrent capacity than in their non-recurrent forms.
Finally, CD25 together with CD103 and CD123 is useful for completing the panel of markers of hairy cell leukemia, although the latter two antibodies have greater specificity and sensitivity for this diagnosis than CD25 itself.
Similarly, due to its general low specificity, the CD25 antibody’s positive staining should be evaluated within an antibody panel, not in isolation, and in correlation with the remaining morphological aspects of the lesions analyzed since many B lymphomas, T lymphomas, or even anaplastic large cell lymphoma may present staining against this marker.Composition: anti-CD25 mouse monoclonal antibody obtained from supernatant culture and prediluted in a tris buffered solution pH 7.4 containing 0.375mM sodium azide solution as bacteriostatic and bactericidal.
Intended use: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin embedded tissues. Not tested on frozen tissues or Western-Blotting
Immunogen: Recombinant protein corresponding to the external domain of the human IL-2R
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آنتی بادیهای ایمونوهیستوشیمیآنتی بادی PSMA (EP192)
اطلاعات بیشترName: Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen Antibody clone EP192
Description and aplications: Glutamate Carboxypeptidase 2 (GCP2) or folate hydrolase 1 (FOLH1), also known as prostate specific membrane antigen (PSM or PSMA), is a type II homodimeric transmembrane protein of 750 amino acids of approximately 100 kDA of molecular mass that is encoded by the FOLH1 gene, which is located in the chromosome region 11p11.12. The FOLH1 protein is functionally characterized by an intense folase-hydrolase and dipeptidase activity on N-acetylated wastes of tri-alpha-glutamate peptides, regulating the absorption of folate in the intestine and the excitatory neurotransmission associated with the hydrolysis of the neuropeptide N-acetylaspartylglutamate in the CNS (central nervous system). In pathologic circumstances in the CNS, an excess of function of FOLH1 causes an excitotoxic effect due to the generation of high levels of glutamate that, as a consequence, leads to the death of motor cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in both its sporadic and familial variants. In fact, FOLH1 inhibitors produce protective effects in this type of conditions when the glutamate levels decrease. In normal tissues, the protein is present in large amounts in the prostate epithelium, where it has an unknown function. However, it is known that in tumors that derive from this gland, FOLH1 is involved in the tumor progression. The protein can also be found in the small intestine (brush border), urinary epithelium, kidney, testicle, ovary, uterine tubes, breast, suprarenal gland, liver, esophagus, stomach, colon and brain (mainly brainstem and corpus striatum). In neoplastic tissues, FOLH1 can be present in tumors of the small intestine, brain, kidney, liver, spleen, trachea, spinal cord, and capillary endothelium. In the prostate, the PSMA molecule (FOLH1) can be found in both benign and malignant lesions, although in neoplasms, an increase in the intensity and number of stained cells in direct relation to the aggressiveness of the carcinoma can be observed. Therefore, it is also indirectly correlated with the expression of androgen receptors. In comparison with the prostate specific antigen (PSA), the determination of PSMA in tumors is a more sensitive procedure but less specific. Therefore, PSMA antibody is used in the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate tumors and as a possible marker for various neurodegenerative brain diseases such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s diseases. Likewise, the Indium-labeled 7E11 anti-FOLH1 monoclonal antibody (ProstaScint®) is used for the diagnostic imaging of primary and metastatic prostate tumors.
Composition: Anti-human PSMA rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from culture supernatant, filtered, sterilized and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide
Intended use: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin embedded tissues. Not tested on frozen tissues or Western-Blotting
Immunogen: Synthetic peptide corresponding to the human PSMA.
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آنتی بادیهای ایمونوهیستوشیمیآنتی بادی Oct2 (PT2)
اطلاعات بیشترName: Mouse anti-human OCT-2 Monoclonal Antibody clone PT2
Description and aplications: Transcription factors Oct1 and OCT2 are located on chromosomal regions 1q22-q23 and 19 respectively, and belong to the POU family homeobox genes that bind DNA in monomeric and dimeric several configurations. Depending on the DNA sequence with which the dimers are joined, they are aligned in an accessible (MORE sequence) or inaccessible (PORE sequence) configuration for specific performance of the cofactor OBF1 of the B lymphocytes (Ocab, BOB1). OCT2 is an important element for the regulation of cellular and tissue specific transcription as well as transcription of numerous genes controllers. While Oct1 expression is an ubiquitous, OCT2 nuclear transcription factor expression is restricted to normal neurons of the central nervous system and B lymphocytes. This antibody recognizes the transcription factor Oct-2 of human, murine and rat origin and does not crossreact with other transcription factors. Oct-2 is expressed in normal B lymphocytes with greater intensity in the germinal center of lymphoid follicles. Small lymphocytes of the mantle areas have lower intensity and a small number of lymphocytes of the marginal and interfollicular areas also show intense nuclear staining. Since the expression of Oct-2 is related to the state of maturation of B cells, the antibody is primarily useful in the identification of B cell lymphomas originated in the germinal centre. In contrast to the L & H cells of lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin’s disease (HD), the Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells of HD classical type are unable to transcribe immunoglobulins due to the absence of Oct-2. Therefore Oct-2 has been considered a new marker to identify and differentiate the L & H from HRS cells in Hodgkin’s disease. Immunostaining for Oct-2 is present intensively in nodular lymphocyte-predominant HD and with less intensity in the variants of the classic HD (HD rich in lymphocytes, HD mixed cellularity, HD nodular sclerosis) numerous cases being Oct-2 negative. In the nervous system it is considered that the expression of Oct-2 plays an important role in female sexual maturation in mammals regulated by the hypothalamus and the regulation of the latency period after infection with herpesvirus.
Composition: anti-human OCT2 mouse monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide
Immunogen: full length Oct-2 of human origin
Species reactivity: In vitro diagnostics in humans. Not tested in other species
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آنتی بادیهای ایمونوهیستوشیمیآنتی بادی BRST-1/BCA-225 (CU-18)
اطلاعات بیشتر(NAME: Mouse anti-human BRST-1/BCA-225 Monoclonal Antibody (Clone CU-18
DESCRIPTION AND APPLICATIONS:This antibody recognises BCA-225, a glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 225 kD secreted by the T47D breast carcinoma cell line that has subsequently been identified in various normal and neoplastic tissues
COMPOSITION:Anti-human BRST-1/BCA-225 mouse monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide
INTENDED USE: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin embedded tissues. Not tested on frozen tissues or Western-Blotting
.IMMUNOGEN: BCA 225 protein secreted by the T47D (clone 11) human breast carcinoma cell line
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آنتی بادیهای ایمونوهیستوشیمیآنتی بادی Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (Polyclonal)
اطلاعات بیشترName: Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (Polyclonal)
Description and applications: This antibody reacts with human alpha-1 antitrypsin, a glycoprotein responsible for the antiproteolytic activity of normal serum. Alpha-1-antitrypsin is mainly synthesized by hepatocytes, although human histiocytes and peripheral blood monocytes also express this protein. This antibody may be useful in the study of hereditary alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, benign and malignant liver tumours, embryonal carcinomas, and a variety of benign and malignant lesions of histiocytic origin. These antibody cross-reacts with horse, pig, dog, and rat alpha-1 antitrypsin.
Composition: anti-human Alpha-1 Antitrypsin rabbit polyclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.
Immunogen: Human alpha-1 antitrypsin.
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آنتی بادیهای ایمونوهیستوشیمیآنتی بادی Anexin A1 (29)
اطلاعات بیشترName: Anexin A1 (29)
DESCRIPTION AND APPLICATIONS: Annexin I (a.k.a. lipocortin-1 or calpactin II) is a 38kDa protein that is part of a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein family. Members of these family, share a common core domain, but each has a unique Nterminal tail that imparts its functional specificity. It is believed that phosphorylation of this region in
annexin I regulates its functions.COMPOSITION: Anti-human Annexin 1 mouse monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide INTENDED USE.
IMMUNOGEN: Aminoacids 1-346 of bovine annexin.