ایمونو هیستوشیمی

Name: PD-L1 Monoclonal Antibody clone CAL10

Description and applications:Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1, also known as CD274) inhibits tumor-reactive T cells via binding to the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor, rendering tumor cells resistant to CD8+ T cell-mediated lysis. Studies have shown that the inhibitory receptor PD-1 is expressed on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) while PD-L1 is expressed on tumor cells. Assessment of PD-L1 expression in combination with CD8+ TIL density may be a useful predictive metric in multiple cancers, including stage III NSCLC, hormone receptor negative breast cancer and sentinel lymph node melanoma. Clinical trials utilizing humanized chimeric antibodies that block inhibitory checkpoints, such as anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1, have demonstrated delayed tumor growth and increased survival. While identification of PD-L1 overexpression by IHC is not yet standardized, it has become increasingly  important to identify these tumors, as a directed therapy may improve clinical outcomes in these patients. In cutaneous melanoma, the targeting of PD1/PD-L1 has provided meaningful clinical benefit for patients in just the past 5-10 years. The use of IHC for protein identification, along with novel therapies, such as checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines, are generating new options for the treatment of cancer patients. The PD-L1 [CAL10] clone does not cross react with PDL2.

Composition: Anti-human PD-L1 rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide

Intended use: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin embedded tissues. Not tested on frozen tissues or Western-Blotting

Immunogen: Peptide corresponding to the region within human PD-L1.

Name: PDX1 Monoclonal Antibody clone EP139

Description and applications: The homeobox 1 duodenal protein (PDX1) is a transcription factor that is required for the embryonic development of the pancreas and the maturation of the β-cells of the islets of Langerhans. Moreover, PDX1 activates somatostatin, glucokinase, islet amyloid polypeptide, and glucose transporter type 2 gene transcription. The PDX1 protein is encoded by the PDX1 gene, located in the chromosomal region 13q12.2. Clinically, mutations in the PDX1 gene have been shown to cause pancreatic agenesis and hereditary maturity onset diabetes mellitus of the young (MODY); likewise, the PDX-1 factor plays a major role in the pathogenesis of non-insulindependent (type II) diabetes mellitus. The PDX1 protein is initially expressed in the intestinal region of the embryo and then in the primitive pancreatic epithelium, where it allows its proliferation, branching, and differentiation. In the adult, this transcription factor is selectively expressed in endocrine cells, such as pancreatic beta cells, duodenum’s Brunner’s gland cells, and endocrine cells of the stomach’s pyloric region. Within the pancreas, PDX1 can also be observed in a subset of centroacinar and pancreatic duct exocrine cells, as well as in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. Increased expression of PDX1 has been reported in pancreatic (both exocrine and neuroendocrine), colon, and prostate tumours, suggesting that PDX1 may act as a biomarker in patients with these malignant tumours. However, further studies are needed to prove their specificity.

Composition: Anti-human PDX1 rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide

Intended use: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin embedded tissues. Not tested on frozen tissues or Western-Blotting

Name: Perforin Monoclonal Antibody clone  5B10

Composition: anti-Perforin mouse monoclonal antibody obtained from supernatant culture and prediluted in a tris buffered solution pH 7.4 containing 0.375mM sodium azide solution as bacteriostatic and bactericidal.

Immunogen: Recombinant protein encoding C-terminal region of human perforin

Name: PMS2 Monoclonal Antibody clone EP51

Description and aplications: PMS2, a mismatch repair endonuclease, is a member of a family of genes involved in DNA mismatch repair. Carriers of the mismatch repair gene mutations have a high lifetime risk of developing Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colon Cancer (HNPCC) and several other cancers including endometrial cancer due to microsatellite instability (MSI) caused by accumulation of DNA replication errors in proliferating cells. Along with MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6, PMS2 antibody is helpful in diagnosis of MSI. An IHC study conducted by Mayo clinic on 535 cases with MSI-high, 90% of the tumors showed loss of MLH1, MSH2 and/or MSH6 expression, while 70% of the remaining cases showed isolated loss of PMS2 expression. The loss of PMS2 was associated with young age of diagnosis and right-sided location but not with a striking family history of cancer. Endometrial carcinomas are the most common noncolorectal cancers occur in HNPCC. The most common IHC abnormality in endometrial carcinomas with MSI was concurrent loss of MLH1/PMS2. Adding of PMS2 and MSH6 to MLH1 and MSH2 antibodies increased sensitivity for diagnosis of MSI. Tumors with low-level MSI show unfavourable pathological characteristics compared to tumours with no and tumours with highlevel MSI.

Composition: anti-human PMS2 rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from ascites. Prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide

Intended use : Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin embedded tissues. Not tested on frozen tissues or Western-Blotting

Immunogen: A synthetic peptide corresponding to residues in human PMS2 protein

Name: PNL2 Monoclonal Antibody clone PNL2

Description and applications: PNL2, initially developed as a human somatostatin receptor marker, is a novel monoclonal antibody directed against an antigen (not well affiliated with melanocytes) that is chemically resistant to fixation and allows immunostaining after melanin bleaching and treatment with decalcifying agents. On a wide range of normal and neoplastic human tissues and compared to other similar markers such as HMB45, Melan A, MiTF, CD63, MAGE1, MAGE3, or tyrosinase, this antibody has revealed high specificity for melanocytes and for various benign and malignant melanocytic lesions derived from them. When the anti-PNL2 antibody is used on normal tissues, it gives a strong cytoplasmic staining of skin and oral mucosae melanocytes, as well as of granulocytes and osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells when used at high concentration. In benign melanocytic lesions, PNL2 labels intraepidermal nevi, whereas intradermal nevi and the dermal component of compound nevi are basically negative although scattered nevus cells in the papillary dermis are usually positive. In primary melanomas, irrespective of their histologic type, PNL2 usually labels more than 70% of the neoplastic cells. In this context and within a broader panel of antibodies, PNL2 may contribute to the differential diagnosis between atypical nevus lesions and melanomas, although this antibody does not label desmoplastic melanomas. Moreover, the vast majority of metastatic melanomas are positive against PNL2 and, although the proportion of labelled cells is occasionally lower than in the primary tumour, it is always greater than that obtained with the commonly used markers for these tumours (HMB45 and Melan A). Like Melan A and HMB-45, PNL2 also stains most of the clear cell sarcoma cells, and a few cells in angiomyolipomas and lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Other non-melanocytic lesions positive for this antibody include PEComas and melanotic schwannoma. In isolated cases of chronic myeloid leukaemia, the PNL2 antibody stains neutrophils and myelocites, while blast cells are negative.

Composition: Anti-human PNL2 mouse monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide

Name: p21/Waf-1 (DCS-60.2)

Description and aplications: p21WAF1/Cip1/Sdi1/Pic1 is a tumor suppressor protein. Expression of p21WAF1 is induced by wild type, but not mutant, p53 suppressor protein. The p21WAF1 protein binds to cyclin/CDK complexes and inhibits their kinase activity thereby stopping cell cycle progression. It also binds to PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and blocks DNA replication but not the DNA repair process.

Composition: anti-human p21 mouse monoclonal antibody purified from ascites. Prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide

Intended use : Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin embedded tissues. Not tested on frozen tissues or Western-Blotting

Visualization: Nuclear

Name : Cytokeratin 8/18  antibody clone B22.1/B23.1

Description and applications:Cytokeratins 8&18 can be found in most simple epithelium,e.g. thyroid,female breast, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory tract. Adenocarcinomas and most non-keratinizing squamous carcinomas will stain, but keratinizing squamous carcinomas will not. This antibody is used when attempting to demonstrate the presence of Paget cells; there is very little keratin 18 in the normal epidermis so this will only stain Paget cells. This approach facilitates the interpretation using immunostains and is more sensitive than mucin histochemistry.

Composition:Anti-human Cytokeratin 8/18 cocktail of two mouse monoclonal antibodies purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide

Intended use : Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin embedded tissues. Not tested on frozen tissues or Western-Blotting

Name: Cytokeratin 8/18/19 Antibody clone B22.1&B23.1/BA17

Description and application: Keratins are cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins expressed by epithelial cells. Cytokeratins 8 & 18 (CK 8 & 18) can be found in most simple epithelia, e.g. thyroid, female breast, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory tract. Adenocarcinomas and most non-keratinizing squamous carcinomas will stain with anti-CK 8 & 18, but keratinizing squamous carcinomas will not. This antibody is used when attempting to demonstrate the presence of Paget cells; there is very little keratin 18 in the normal epidermis so this will only stain Paget cells. The use of immunostaining facilitates the interpretation and has been shown to be more sensitive than mucin histochemistry. Cytokeratin 19 is a member of type I acidic subfamily of intermediate filaments. It is expressed in various different human tissues except in liver. Keratin 19 is not expressed in hepatocytes, therefore, antibody to keratin 19 is useful in the identification of liver metastasis.

Composition: Anti-human Cytokeratin 8/18/19 Mouse monoclonal antibody prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Intended use: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin embedded tissues. Not tested on frozen tissues or Western-Blotting