Category: IHC-Antibodies

.(Name: Vimentin Antibody (Clone SP20

Description and applications: Vimentin is the main intermediate filament protein in mesenchymal cells and is therefore of value in the differential diagnosis of undifferentiated neoplasms. In mesenchymal tumors, vimentin expression is practically the rule, though, it must not forget that there are epithelial tumors that coexpressed Vimentin and cytokeratins, such as thyroid gland carcinomas, pleomorphic adenomas salivary of the salivary glands and some renal carcinomas. Furthermore, by the universal staining the anti-vimentin antibody in the blood vessels and lymphoid tissue, they are considered the best internal control to assess the results of immunostaining.

Composition: anti-human Vimentin, rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from culture supernatant, prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Immunogen: Recombinant protein encoding human vimentin.

.(Name: Villin-1 Antibody (Clone CWWB1

Description and applications:Villin is a tissue-specific protein with a molecular massAnti-villin monoclonal antibody (CWWB1 clone) against the human antigen has a sensitivity of almost 100% and high specificity; thus, immunostaining is fully reproducible using standard amplification and development procedures performed as part of automated immunostaining systems. Villin is expressed in the brush border of enterocytes and kidney proximal tubule cells. In addition to allowing immunohistochemical identification of villin in normal human tissues, this antibody is a highly specific marker of gastrointestinal tumours and pancreatic cancer. Although with less sensitivity, renal, hepatic and pulmonary neoplasms, especially carcinoid tumours, neuroendocrine tumours and signet-ring cell carcinomas or carcinomas with microlumens filled with microvilli, as well as some breast and ovarian tumours, are also stained. of 95.5 kDa. Of all proteins belonging to the gelsolin family, it is the only one capable of assembling and disassembling actin filaments through three specific binding domains, two of them Ca2+-dependent. Villin is essential for the assembling of the cell brush border citoskeleton and the organization of the actin filament bundle forming the core of microvilli. In addition, it has been proposed that this protein, due to its dependence on cell activation via phosphatidylinositol, is essential for the control of cell polarity during embryonic development of tissues containing it, as well as to facilitate epithelial plasticity in response to cell injury and immune system cell elements migration through the intestinal barrier.

Composition:Anti-human Villin-1 mouse monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Immunogen:uman villin protein.

.(Name: VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)Antibody (Clone EP1176Y

Description and applications: Growth factor active in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth. Induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis and induces permeabilization of blood vessels. Binds to the FLT1/VEGFR1 and KDR/VEGFR2 receptors, heparan sulfate and heparin. NRP1/Neuropilin-1 binds isoforms VEGF-165 and VEGF-145. Isoform VEGF165B binds to KDR but does not activate downstream signaling pathways, does not activate angiogenesis and inhibits tumor growth.

Composition: anti-human VEGF Rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from ascites fluid by Protein A chromatography prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

.Immunogen: Synthetic peptide corresponding to residues on the C-terminus of human VEGF

.(Name: Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 (TTF-1)(clone SPT24

Description and aplications:This antibody recognizes a protein identified as thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), a member of the Nkx2 family homeodomain transcription factors. This antibody was designed against a short recombinant peptide and shows great sensitivity and provides a stronger and less cytoplasmic unspecific staining or cross-reaction with tissues other than thyroid and lung. The clone SPT24 identifies the presence of TTF-1 in thyroid follicular epithelium, as well as type II pneumocytes and Clara cells of the lung and their corresponding tumors. It can also be observed in certain brain reactive glial cells and some cases of colon adenocarcinomas. It shows no nuclear staining in a variety of normal tissues and no cytoplasmic reactivity was described in hepatocarcinomas.

Composition: anti- TTF1 mouse monoclonal antibody obtained from supernatant culture and prediluted in a tris buffered solution pH 7.4 containing 0.375mM sodium azide solution as bacteriostatic and bactericidal. The quantity of the active antibody was not determined.

.Immunogen: recombinant protein molecule corresponding to a fragment of 123 AA of the N-terminal region of human TTF-1

Name: total PSA Antibody (Clone HS-5)

Description and applications: PSA is an antigen present in prostatic tissue and in the majority of prostatic carcinomas. This antibody recognizes primary and metastatic prostatic neoplasms and rarely in tumors of nonprostatic origin. These include breast and a minority of salivary gland tumors. The antigen is a 33-34 kD glycoprotein that is restricted to epithelial cells of the prostate.
Because of the high specificity of PSA for prostate glandular epithelium, the antibody is useful to identify prostatic carcinomas of the prostate and their frequent infiltration of the surrounding organs (eg .: rectum and urinary bladder). Rectal adenocarcinomas, urothelial carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder did not express PSA. The loss of immunoreactivity for PSA which can occur in poorly differentiated neoplasms cannot completely exclude the diagnosis of prostate cancer with a negative PSA. Another important use is for differential diagnosis and determine the origin of the primary tumor with metastases of unknown origin, especially lymph node and bone. PSA can be used together with the Prostein, which has at least the same sensitivity and is slightly more specific than PSA.

Composition: anti-human total PSA mouse monoclonal antibody purified from hybridoma cell culture by hydrophobic interaction chromatography using ammonium sulphate. Prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Name: TLE-1 Antibody (Clone 1F5).

Description and aplications: Transducin-like enhancer of split 1 (TLE1) gene is a member of the TLE gene family and involved in control of hematopoiesis, neuronal, and terminal epithelial differentiation. By immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded tissues, TLE1 expression (nuclear staining) has been found in 249 of 259 molecularly confirmed synovial sarcoma cases, and was rare to absent in the 73 other soft tissue tumors examined (positive staining was found only in 1 of 43 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors and 1 pleomorphic sarcoma). Anti-TLE1 was more sensitive and specific for synovial sarcoma than other currently available immunohistochemical markers including BCL2, epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratins, and had a positive predictive value of 92% and a negative predictive value of 100% in this clinical setting. TLE1 overexpression is significantly associated with the t(X;18) translocation.

Composition: anti-human TLE-1 mouse monoclonal antibody purified from ascites fluid by chromatography. Prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Name: Thyroglobulin Antibody (Clone EP250)

Description and applications: Thyroglobulin (TG) is a dimeric glycoprotein specific to the thyroid gland which belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family. It is the precursor of the iodinated thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Variations in TG are associated with susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disease type 3, and defective or impaired TG synthesis usually results in congenital goitrous hypothyroidism, virtual absence of TG in thyroid tissue, and the presence of an elevated concentration of iodoalbumin. The final result of these abnormalities is a decreased rate of T3 and T4 synthesis.
Thyroglobulin is found in normal thyroid and differentiated thyroid carcinoma cells but not undifferentiated thyroid. Thyroglobulin is a useful marker for identification of tumors with thyroid origin.

Composition: anti-human Thyroglobulin rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from ascites. Prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

 Immunogen: A synthetic peptide corresponding to residues of human Thyroglobulin protein.

Name: Thrombomodulin  Antibody (Clone EP175)

Description and applications: Thrombomodulin (TM) is a transmembrane glycoprotein of 75 kDa molecular mass with six repeated domains homologous to the epidermal growth factor and a terminal domain homologous to the lectin-like proteins. Thrombomodulin actives anticoagulant proteins derived from vitamin K synthesized in the liver (proteins C and S) which bind to thrombin in order to prevent thrombus formation in the endothelial surface of the vessel. TM expression is upregulated by agents that increase cAMP and down through the interleukin I, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and some endotoxins. The TM 1009, bindsto domains 4 and 6 of the epidermal growth factor, the smallest region which binds to thrombin. This binding may interfere with the binding between thrombin and thrombomodulin. This antibody produced immunostaining in a variety of normal cells: endothelial lining blood vessels and lymphatics cells, mesothelial cells, normal urothelium, some pulmonary alveolar macrophages, coating meningeal cells, synoviocytes, syncytiotrophoblasts, megakaryocytes and platelets. Thrombomodulin is also found in some subtype cell of pancreatic islets and in peripheral nerves. It is diagnostically useful in neoplastic cells of vascular tumors, urothelial carcinomas, meningiomas, adenomatoid tumor, choriocarcinoma and pleural tumors. TM can be used for differential diagnosis between mesothelioma (positive) and lung adenocarcinoma (consistently negative). Weak expression of TM was demonstrated in two thirds of the cases examined, while a strong TM staining was revealed in one third of colon cancers.

Composition: anti-Thrombomodulin rabbit monoclonal antibody obtained from supernatant culture and prediluted in a tris buffered solution pH 7.4 containing
0.375mM sodium azide solution as bacteriostatic and bactericidal.

Immunogen: A synthetic peptide corresponding to residues at the C-terminus of human thrombomodulin protein.

Name: Transcription Factor E3 (TFE3) Antibody(Clone MD-37 )

Description and applications:Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinomas (RCC) are a recently recognized subset of RCC, characterized by chromosome translocations involving the Xp11.2 break point and resulting in gene fusions involving the TFE3 transcription factor gene that maps to this locus. Xp11 translocation RCC represents the most common type of RCC in children, but is less frequent on a percentage basis in adults. Morphologically, these neoplasms frequently show papillary architecture and clear cytoplasm, and frequently have associated psammoma bodies. Immunohistochemically, these neoplasms under-expresses epithelial markers such as anti-cytokeratin and anti-epithelial membrane antigen (anti-EMA) compared with typical adult type RCC. Themost sensitive and specific immunohistochemical marker for the Xp11 translocation RCC is nuclear labeling of TFE3 protein, which reflects overexpression of the resulting fusion proteins relative to native TFE3. Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is an uncommon soft tissue sarcoma of undertain differentiation. It presents in younger patients, often in the extremities. Despite relatively high rates of metastasis, patients often experience prolonged survival in the metastatic setting relative to others. The hallmark of ASPS is a chromosomal rearrangement at 17q25 and Xp11.2 engendering an ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion gene responsible for an aberrant transcription factor presumably enabling pathogenesis. This aberrant chimeric transcription factor retains the N-terminal DNA binding domain encoded by TFE3 while the ASPSCR1 encoded portion probably provides domain(s) modulating gene expression. The presence of this ‘super-activated’ transcription factor may induce the expression of numerous molecules contributing to ASPS diagnosis, progression, and metastasis. Even if highly sensitive for Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinomas diagnosis, clear cell carcinomas, especially cells surrounding areas of necrosis, might also be positive. For these reason is recommended to confirm the diagnostic using FISH specific probes.

Composition: Anti-human TFE3 rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.