Category: monoclonal

Name: total PSA Antibody (Clone HS-5)

Description and applications: PSA is an antigen present in prostatic tissue and in the majority of prostatic carcinomas. This antibody recognizes primary and metastatic prostatic neoplasms and rarely in tumors of nonprostatic origin. These include breast and a minority of salivary gland tumors. The antigen is a 33-34 kD glycoprotein that is restricted to epithelial cells of the prostate.
Because of the high specificity of PSA for prostate glandular epithelium, the antibody is useful to identify prostatic carcinomas of the prostate and their frequent infiltration of the surrounding organs (eg .: rectum and urinary bladder). Rectal adenocarcinomas, urothelial carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder did not express PSA. The loss of immunoreactivity for PSA which can occur in poorly differentiated neoplasms cannot completely exclude the diagnosis of prostate cancer with a negative PSA. Another important use is for differential diagnosis and determine the origin of the primary tumor with metastases of unknown origin, especially lymph node and bone. PSA can be used together with the Prostein, which has at least the same sensitivity and is slightly more specific than PSA.

Composition: anti-human total PSA mouse monoclonal antibody purified from hybridoma cell culture by hydrophobic interaction chromatography using ammonium sulphate. Prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Name: TLE-1 Antibody (Clone 1F5).

Description and aplications: Transducin-like enhancer of split 1 (TLE1) gene is a member of the TLE gene family and involved in control of hematopoiesis, neuronal, and terminal epithelial differentiation. By immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded tissues, TLE1 expression (nuclear staining) has been found in 249 of 259 molecularly confirmed synovial sarcoma cases, and was rare to absent in the 73 other soft tissue tumors examined (positive staining was found only in 1 of 43 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors and 1 pleomorphic sarcoma). Anti-TLE1 was more sensitive and specific for synovial sarcoma than other currently available immunohistochemical markers including BCL2, epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratins, and had a positive predictive value of 92% and a negative predictive value of 100% in this clinical setting. TLE1 overexpression is significantly associated with the t(X;18) translocation.

Composition: anti-human TLE-1 mouse monoclonal antibody purified from ascites fluid by chromatography. Prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Name: Thyroglobulin Antibody (Clone EP250)

Description and applications: Thyroglobulin (TG) is a dimeric glycoprotein specific to the thyroid gland which belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family. It is the precursor of the iodinated thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Variations in TG are associated with susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disease type 3, and defective or impaired TG synthesis usually results in congenital goitrous hypothyroidism, virtual absence of TG in thyroid tissue, and the presence of an elevated concentration of iodoalbumin. The final result of these abnormalities is a decreased rate of T3 and T4 synthesis.
Thyroglobulin is found in normal thyroid and differentiated thyroid carcinoma cells but not undifferentiated thyroid. Thyroglobulin is a useful marker for identification of tumors with thyroid origin.

Composition: anti-human Thyroglobulin rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from ascites. Prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

 Immunogen: A synthetic peptide corresponding to residues of human Thyroglobulin protein.

Name: Thrombomodulin  Antibody (Clone EP175)

Description and applications: Thrombomodulin (TM) is a transmembrane glycoprotein of 75 kDa molecular mass with six repeated domains homologous to the epidermal growth factor and a terminal domain homologous to the lectin-like proteins. Thrombomodulin actives anticoagulant proteins derived from vitamin K synthesized in the liver (proteins C and S) which bind to thrombin in order to prevent thrombus formation in the endothelial surface of the vessel. TM expression is upregulated by agents that increase cAMP and down through the interleukin I, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and some endotoxins. The TM 1009, bindsto domains 4 and 6 of the epidermal growth factor, the smallest region which binds to thrombin. This binding may interfere with the binding between thrombin and thrombomodulin. This antibody produced immunostaining in a variety of normal cells: endothelial lining blood vessels and lymphatics cells, mesothelial cells, normal urothelium, some pulmonary alveolar macrophages, coating meningeal cells, synoviocytes, syncytiotrophoblasts, megakaryocytes and platelets. Thrombomodulin is also found in some subtype cell of pancreatic islets and in peripheral nerves. It is diagnostically useful in neoplastic cells of vascular tumors, urothelial carcinomas, meningiomas, adenomatoid tumor, choriocarcinoma and pleural tumors. TM can be used for differential diagnosis between mesothelioma (positive) and lung adenocarcinoma (consistently negative). Weak expression of TM was demonstrated in two thirds of the cases examined, while a strong TM staining was revealed in one third of colon cancers.

Composition: anti-Thrombomodulin rabbit monoclonal antibody obtained from supernatant culture and prediluted in a tris buffered solution pH 7.4 containing
0.375mM sodium azide solution as bacteriostatic and bactericidal.

Immunogen: A synthetic peptide corresponding to residues at the C-terminus of human thrombomodulin protein.

Name: Transcription Factor E3 (TFE3) Antibody(Clone MD-37 )

Description and applications:Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinomas (RCC) are a recently recognized subset of RCC, characterized by chromosome translocations involving the Xp11.2 break point and resulting in gene fusions involving the TFE3 transcription factor gene that maps to this locus. Xp11 translocation RCC represents the most common type of RCC in children, but is less frequent on a percentage basis in adults. Morphologically, these neoplasms frequently show papillary architecture and clear cytoplasm, and frequently have associated psammoma bodies. Immunohistochemically, these neoplasms under-expresses epithelial markers such as anti-cytokeratin and anti-epithelial membrane antigen (anti-EMA) compared with typical adult type RCC. Themost sensitive and specific immunohistochemical marker for the Xp11 translocation RCC is nuclear labeling of TFE3 protein, which reflects overexpression of the resulting fusion proteins relative to native TFE3. Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is an uncommon soft tissue sarcoma of undertain differentiation. It presents in younger patients, often in the extremities. Despite relatively high rates of metastasis, patients often experience prolonged survival in the metastatic setting relative to others. The hallmark of ASPS is a chromosomal rearrangement at 17q25 and Xp11.2 engendering an ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion gene responsible for an aberrant transcription factor presumably enabling pathogenesis. This aberrant chimeric transcription factor retains the N-terminal DNA binding domain encoded by TFE3 while the ASPSCR1 encoded portion probably provides domain(s) modulating gene expression. The presence of this ‘super-activated’ transcription factor may induce the expression of numerous molecules contributing to ASPS diagnosis, progression, and metastasis. Even if highly sensitive for Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinomas diagnosis, clear cell carcinomas, especially cells surrounding areas of necrosis, might also be positive. For these reason is recommended to confirm the diagnostic using FISH specific probes.

Composition: Anti-human TFE3 rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Name: TCL1 Antibody (Clone EP105)

Description and applications:T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 1A (TCL1) is a member of the TCL1 family and enhances the phosphorylation and activation of AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3. TCL1 promotes the nuclear translocation of AKT1 and enhances cell proliferation, stabilizes mitochondrial membrane potential and promotes cell
survival. The expression of TCL1 is restricted to lymphoid cells. It is expressed early in lymphocyte differentiation. Strong expression of TCL1 is fouma, follicular lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma,diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (60%), and primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (55%). The expression of the TCL1 gene charactend in a subset of mantle zone B lymphocytes and is expressed to a lesser extent by follicle center cells. In B-cell neoplasia, TCL1 immunoreactivity is found in the majority of B-cell lymphomas including lymphoblastic lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphorizes low-grade B-cell lymphomas.

Composition:Anti-human TCL1 rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Immunogen:Synthetic peptide corresponding to residues in human TCL1 protein.

Name: T-Box/TBX21 Antibody (Clone 4B10)

Description and applications: The T-bet transcription factor (more correctly called T-box TBX21 transcription factor), expressed in T cells, is one of the members of the T-box transcription factor family specific to Th1 cells. It is encoded by a gene located in the chromosomal region 17q21.32. The T-bet factor was originally isolated from nuclear extracts of resting and PMA/ionomycin-activated AE7 lymphoid cells; it is expressed in low levels in resting cells, and in increased levels in stimulated cells. T-bet regulates the secretion of IFN-γ by CD4 Th1 cells (although this mediator is also produced by NK cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, in the latter case, independently of the presence of T-bet). Similarly, and under the right conditions, T-bet also converts effector Th2 cells into the opposing Th1 subset. In mice carrying T-bet gene deletions, lymphocytes differentiate into a predetermined stage of Th2 cells and are protected against lesions equivalent torheumatoid arthritis, which highlights the crucial role that this transcription factor plays in the induction of a Th1 response. For this reason, it is now known that an adequate level of T-bet activation contributes to a decrease of the excessive Th2 response found in bronchial hyperreactivity, oedema, and eosinophil granulocyte infiltration underlying bronchial asthma. In normal tissue, T-bet is expressed selectively and more intensely in Th1 cells, although at a lower level it is also found in NK cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, and its expression level is increased in response to signals mediated by the T cell-specific receptor (TCR) and IL-12. In pathological situations, T-bet, in addition to being involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of some T cell lymphoproliferative processes, also regulates the response in some autoimmune diseases such as Crohn’s disease and type I diabetes mellitus. Finally, the presence of genetic variations in T-bet is associated with a greater susceptibility to bronchial asthma with sinonasal polyposis development and intolerance to aspirin. The implication of T-bet in the pathological development of B cells, as well as the development of some of the neoplastic lesions that are derived from them, has not yet been sufficiently analysed. In neoplasms, the T-bet transcription factor is expressed in all lymphomas originating from mature T cells, especially in peripheral T lymphomas, and is consistently negative in lymphomas derived from T cell precursors (lymphoblastic lymphomas). Likewise, most nasal NK/T lymphomas express nuclear T-bet regardless of the presence of Epstein-Barr virus or the presence of TCR receptor clonal rearrangement. Among B cell-derived neoplasms that most frequently express T-bet are marginal zone lymphomas, both extranodal and splenic, B lymphoblastic leukaemia, and hairy-cell leukaemia, in which T-bet positivity, along with TRAP, DBA.44, CD123, and Annexin-1 positivity, confirm diagnosis. Moreover, this antibody against T-bet has the advantage of being one of the few antibodies that work consistently in spine biopsies with hairy-cell leukaemia infiltration. Other lymphoproliferative lesions that may occasionally express T-bet are B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, and classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Likewise, positivity has been described in some adenocarcinomas. In the differential diagnosis between lymphocytic colitis and coeliac disease, predominance of T-betpositive T cells, both in the epithelium and in the lamina propria, supports the latter diagnosis, while positive cells for both T-bet and GATA3 are more characteristic of lymphocytic colitis.

Composition: Anti-human T-Box TBX21 mouse monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Immunogen:Recombinant mouse T-bet protein.

Name:Synaptophysin Antibody (Clone EP158)

Description and applications: Synaptophysin is a major integral transmembrane glycoprotein of synaptic vesicles with four transmembrane domains. This protein is present in almost all neurons and neuroendocrine cells throughout the body. An antibody to Synaptophysin is useful for the identification of tumors with neural and
neuroendocrine differentiation. In well-differentiated tumors containing neurons (gangliocytoma, ganglioglioma, neurocytoma, ganglioneuroblastoma) synaptophysin is consistently expressed. Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) (cerebral PNET, medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma) show less intensity and variable reactivity.

 Composition: anti-human Synaptophysin rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Immunogen: A synthetic peptide corresponding to residues on the C-terminus (cytoplasmic domain) of human Synaptophysin protein.

Name: SOX-2 Antibody (Clone SP76)

Description and applications: Sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX-2) is a stem cell marker and a transcription factor expressed in basal cells of the prostate, myoepithelial cells of the breast, squamous epithelium, and fetal neural cells. Recent studies show that SOX-2 is highly expressed in some human cancers such as prostate, lung, breast, and ovarian cancers. SOX2 is a sensitive marker of
embryonal carcinoma.

Composition: Anti-human SOX-2 rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Immunogen: Synthetic peptide corresponding to Nterminus of human SOX-2 protein.

Name: Smoothelin Monoclonal Antibody (Clone RA4)

Description and applications: The cytoskeletal protein smoothelin is highly conserved among vertebrates and is expressed
exclusively by contractile smooth muscle cells where it localizes to the filament network. Smoothelin associates with Actin stress fibers but does not interact with Desmin. At least two isoforms of smoothelin are produced by alternative splicing. The short isoform lacks amino acids 1–544 at the amino terminus of the long isoform. The short isoform is expressed in visceral muscle tissue including intestine and stomach but not in brain, while the long isoform is expressed in all vascularized organs. In the vascular system, smoothelin expression is limited to large veins and arteries capable of pulsatile contraction. As a marker for the highly differentiated
contractile smooth muscle cell, smoothelin expression is useful for studying vascular malformation and injury. The gene encoding human smoothelin maps to chromosome 22q12.3.

Composition: Anti-human Smoothelin mouse monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.