| Clone | QR019 |
|---|---|
| REF | C-P010 |
| Dilution | 1:100 – 1:200 |
| Immunogen | Synthetic peptide of human p16 |
| Isotype | IgG |
| Species of origin | Rabbit |
p16, also designated p16(INK4a), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A or CDKN2A, is a tumor suppressor protein that slows cell division by slowing the progression of the cell cycle from the G1 phase to the S phase. Mutations in the p16 gene – associated with loss or overexpression of the protein – are associated with increased risk of a wide range of cancers and cancer precursor lesions. When overexpressed, the protein is detected both in the nucleus and cytoplasm. p16 is expressed in almost 100% of cervical carcinomas, especially in squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix. The vast majority of these carcinomas are associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, especially high-risk HPV types such as HPV 16 and 18. The overexpression of p16 is caused by the inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) by the viral E7 oncogene, which leads to the upregulation of p16. Strong and full thickness staining of p16 in the cervix epithelium is highly supportive of high grade squamous epithelial lesion (HSIL), while weak and intermediate staining favors low grade squamous epithelial lesion (LSIL).
