دسته بندی: ایمونو هیستوشیمی

Name: CD63 Antibody Clone NKI/C3

Description and applications:The CD63 molecule, also called melanoma-associated antigen MLA1 or ME491, granulophysine, or
membrane-associated lysosomal glycoprotein 3 (LAMP-3), is a 53-kDa glycoprotein belonging to the transmembrane 4 protein superfamily or tetraspanins. It is made up of 237 amino acids and is commonly expressed in melanoma tumour cells, where it is associated with early stages of tumour progression. The ME491 gene, which encodes it, is located on the chromosomal region 12q13.2 and the lack of this protein has been observed in Hermansky- Pudlak syndrome, which is characterized by the presence of deficient lysosomes with dense granules and accumulation of ceroid material in reticuloendothelial system cells. Functionally, CD63 plays an important role in intracellular transport and is a necessary molecule in the trafficking processes that take place in the PMEL luminal domain, which are essential in the development and maturation of melanocytes. Similarly, CD63 is important for leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion through activation by P-selectin. Finally, CD63 appears to be involved in degranulation of mast cells in response to their activation through subunit beta of high affinity immunoglobulin receptor’s epsilon chain (Ms4a2/FceRI system). CD63 antigen is widely distributed in normal tissues,being present in platelets’ lysosomal granules, neutrophil granulocytes, and basophil granulocytes, as well as in a small proportion of inactive T cells, endothelial cells, and macrophages. In tumour cells, CD63 is expressed in dysplastic nevi and radial growth phase melanomas, as well as in renal angiomyolipoma, cellular neurothekeoma, atypical fibroxanthoma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, clear cell fibrous papule of the nose, and non-neural granular cell tumour of the skin. Its usefulness has also been proven in the differential diagnosis between renal oncocytomas, which show apical staining, and renal cell carcinomas with eosinophilic cytoplasm, which show diffuse cytoplasmic staining. Other tumours such as breast carcinomas, Merkel cell carcinomas, astrocytomas, and lung adenocarcinomas may also show positive staining, being, in the latter two cases, an indicator of a better prognosis.

Composition: Anti-human CD63 mouse monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Name: CD7 Antibody-Clone-EP132

Description and aplications: This antibody recognizes a glycoprotein of 40kD molecular weight known as CD7 (also known as TP40 and Leu9). CD7 is positioned at 17q25.2-q25.3 and present on thymocytes, mature T cells, and NK cells. During T cell differentiation, CD7 is one of the earliest lineage markers to appear, therefore, the marker is considered the most clinically useful for acute lymphoid leukemia of T origin. In contrast, the CD7 molecule is absent in some cases as severe combined immunodeficiency. As the CD7 antigen is expressed in mature and immature T cells and NK cells, including those with mixed immuophenotype myeloid (precursor NK/myeloid cells leukemia), the anti-CD7 antibody is useful for the identification of lymphoid neoplasms derived therefrom. However it should be noted that in the peripheral T-cell lymphomas, frequent deletion or pre- and post-transcriptional regulation can lead to the loss of CD7 expression in the cell membrane, therefore their absence in this case does not rule out the origin of the T neoplasia. It is also not unusual in benign inflammatory dermatoses that reactive T cells do not express CD7, therefore, these histopathological features must be considered in the differential diagnosis.

Composition: anti-CD7 rabbit monoclonal antibody obtained from supernatant culture and prediluted in a tris buffered solution pH 7.4 containing 0.375mM sodium azide solution as bacteriostatic and bactericidal.

Immunogen: A synthetic peptide corresponding to residues of human CD7 protein.

Name: CD71 Antibody Clone 10F11

Description and aplications: CD71 recognizes a 90kDa glycoprotein encoded by a gene located in the chromosomal region3q29. It is a recirculating molecule between extra- and intracellular environment, located on the surface of all proliferating cells, which has an important role in the transcellular transport of iron. It is specifically expressed on the surface of the precursor cells of erythroid line, with reduced expression in reticulocytes and complete loss of expression in mature erythroid elements. In normal tissues is a useful marker in identifying erythroid precursors or dispoyétic cells of the normal bone marrow as the other cells of myeloid lineage or mature erythroid cells are negative. Other cells that can normally express the antibody are placental syncytiotrophoblasts, myocytes, basal keratinocytes, hepatocytes, cells of pancreatic Langerhans islet and spermatocytes. In tumoral lesions CD71 is a marker with diagnostic value for cases of erythroid leukemia, while the dysplastic erythroid precursors have a decreased expression. In all these cases, compared with the staining of Anti-Haemoglobin and glycophorin A antibodies, CD71 is more sensitive and specific for not presenting reaction with the mature erythroid elements, facilitating the interpretation. Similar results are obtained in biopsies fixed in Zenker’s fixative or paraffin. Except erythroid leukemias, the antibody is negative in all primary tumors or metastatic bone marrow lessions.
In extramedullary lymphomas, the antibody is positive in isolated cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, peripheral T lymphomas, large cell anaplastic lymphomas and in the Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin lymphoma. In breast carcinomas, CD71 expression was detected in a group of tumours with luminal and basal genotype (more common in medullary carcinoma) resistant to treatment with Tamoxifen. In experimental studies on breast carcinoma, models using antibodies directed against CD71, an inhibition of cell proliferation and survival has been observed, suggesting CD71 as a possible new therapeutic target in cases of CD71 positive carcinoma.

Composition: anti-human CD71 mouse monoclonal antibody purified from ascites. Prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Immunogen: Prokaryotic recombinant protein corresponding to a region of the N terminal intracellular domain of Transferrin Receptor (Human).

Name : Rabbit anti-human CGA (Glycoprotein Hormone Alpha) Monoclonal Antibody clone EP3373

Description and applications: CGA belongs to the glycoprotein hormones alpha chain family, which includes the alpha subunits of chorionic gonadotropin (CG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH). Glycoprotein hormones have the most complex chemical structures of the classical protein hormones. They are dimers consisting of alpha and beta subunits that are covalently associated. These hormones share the same alpha subunit; however, their beta chains are unique and confer them biological specificity. These hormones are essential for the complex endocrine system, which regulates normal growth, sexual development, and reproductive function.The gene encoding the chorionic gonadotropin alpha chain is located on the chromosome region 6q14.3. Hormones LH, FSH, and TSH are secreted by the anterior pituitary, whereas CG is secreted by the placenta. Immunohistochemical detection of chorionic gonadotropin alpha and beta subunits is observed in most non-functional pituitary adenomas, whereas only about 0.6% of these adenomas express the alpha subunit exclusively. In serum, hypersecretion of chorionic gonadotropin alpha subunit is observed in more than 65% of non-functional adenomas, which makes this antibody a useful tool for confirming diagnosis.

Composition: Anti-human CGA rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide

Intended use: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin embedded tissues. Not tested on frozen tissues or Western-Blotting

Immunogen: Synthetic peptide corresponding to human protein CGA residues.

Name: Chromogranin A Antibody Clone LK2H10 

Description and aplications: Chromogranin A (a protein of 439-amino acid which is encoded on chromosome 14) is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and small intestine, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets. It is an excellent marker for carcinoid tumors, pheo-chromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other neuro-endocrine tumors. Coexpression of chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase (NSE) is common in neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Composition: anti-human Chromogranin A mouse monoclonal antibody purified from ascites. Prepared in10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Immunogen: Human pheochromocytoma.

Name: Clusterin Antibody Clone EP181

Description and applications: This monoclonal antibody recognises clusterin, a heterodimeric glycoprotein of 70-80 kDa. Clusterin is highly expressed in various tissues including pancreas, tonsil, nasopharynx, uterine cervix, and epididymis; it is also secreted into different fluids. Human clusterin is encoded by a single copy gene located on chromosome 8p12 and 8p21 with nine exons and eight introns, spanning approximately 17 kb. Clusterin has two isoforms: one is secreted directly into different fluids, and the other is expressed in the cytoplasm and in the cell nucleus. Clusterin is involved in numerous biological processes including lipid transport, epithelial differentiation, cell-matrix interaction, cell aggregation, and regulation of apoptosis in hormone-dependent epithelia. Clusterin has recently been proposed as an immunohistochemical marker specific for follicular dendritic cell tumours, since it is not expressed in the rest of dendritic cell neoplasms (Langerhans cell histiocytosis and interdigitating dendritic cell tumours) and it is very useful when included in the panel comprising CD21, CD35, S-100 protein, CD1a, CD68, actin, desmin, and cytokeratin for the differential diagnosis of dendritic cell tumours. Clusterin gene expression has been demonstrated by microarray analysis in systemic (80-100% of cases) and cutaneous (40-60%) anaplastic lymphomas, in some large B-cell lymphomas (10%), and very sporadically in peripheral T lymphomas and nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphomas. Among non-hematopoietic neoplasms, clusterin overexpression has been detected in breast, colon, pancreas, and prostate carcinomas. Overexpression in prostate carcinomas inhibits neoplastic cells’ apoptotic death; therefore, a protective effect against cell death by apoptosis is associated to this protein.

Composition: Anti-human Clusterin rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Immunogen: Synthetic peptide corresponding to residues from human clusterin.

Name: c-Myc  Antibody clone Y69

Description and applications: The c-MYC gene is located at chromosome 8q24. It is required for
progression through the cell cycle and promotes cellular proliferation. The t(8;14)(q24;q32) translocation and the c-MYC/immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IGH) fusion gene are not only in Burkitt lymphoma, but are also seen in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, blastic mantle cell lymphoma and transformed follicular lymphoma. In another study on predicting c-MYC translocation in 17 cases of Burkitt lymphomas (BLs) and 19 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs), Ruzinova et al. reported that the sensitivity and specificity of this c-Myc antibody on identifying tumor harboring a c- MYC rearrangement reached 96% and 90% respectively. This novel c-Myc antibody is a useful tool for identifying aggressive B-cell lymphomas likely to harbor a c-MYC rearrangement, and thus warrant genetic testing. In addition to its aberrant expression in lymphomas, c-Myc amplification and overexpression are also implicated in tumor progression or prognosis in many other malignancies including pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer and soft tissue leiomyosarcoma. By utilizing this anti-c- Myc antibody coupled with genetically defined control experiments, a recent study by Gurel et al. demonstrated the specificity of this c-Myc antibody in the staining of paraffin-embedded prostate normal and tumor tissues. Upregulation of nuclear c-Myc protein expression may be a critical oncogenic event in driving human prostate cancer initiation and progression.

Composition: Anti-human c-Myc rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Immunogen: A synthetic peptide corresponding to residues in N-terminus of human c-Myc protein.

Name: Collagen II Antibody Clone 2B1.5

Description and applications:This antibody is highly specific to type II collagen and shows no crossreaction with types I, III, IV, V, VI, IX, X, or XI. In Western blotting, 2B1.5 MAb reacts with the TCB fragment of pepsin digested type II collagen after digestion with mammalian collagenase. It also reacts with lathyritic type II collagen.

Composition: Anti-human Collagen II mouse monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Immunogen: A purified preparation of lathyritic type II collagen from embryonic chicken sternum.

Name: Collagen IV Antibody Clone CIV22

Description and applications: Collagen IV is a major constituent of the basement membranes along with laminins and enactins. It is composed of alpha1(IV) chain and alpha2(IV) chain in 2:1 ratio. It can form insoluble fibers with high tensile strength. Antibody to collagen IV is useful in detecting the loss of parts of basement membrane in carcinomas.

Composition: Anti-human Collagen IV mouse (cocktail) antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Immunogen: Human glomeruli.

Name: Rabbit anti-human Cyclin E1 Monoclonal Antibody clone EP126

Description and applications: This antibody reacts with human protein cyclin E. E-type cyclins (cyclin E1 and cyclin E2) are expressed during the late G1 phase of the cell cycle and until the end of the S phase. Cyclin E activity is limited by the passage of the cells through the “R” restriction point, which marks a “point of no return” for cells going into division from a quiescent state (G0) or through G1 and S phases. Cyclin E expression is mainly regulated by gene transcription by members of the E2F transcription factor family and by degradation through the proteasome catabolic pathway. Cyclin E binds and activates Cdk2 kinase and, through phosphorylation of this kinase’s substrate, the socalled pocket proteins, the cyclin/Cdk2 complex regulates the entry into the S phase by initiating a cascade of events that allows the specific expression of S-phase genes. In addition, cyclin E plays a direct role in the initiation of DNA replication and in the control of genomic and centrosome stability. Overexpression of cyclin E shortens the G1 phase of the cell cycle, accelerating progression to the S phase. High levels of cyclin E expression have been associated with the initiation and progression of different human neoplasms, particularly breast cancer, leukaemias, and lymphomas, among others.

Composition: Anti-human Cyclin E1 rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide

Intended use: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin embedded tissues. Not tested on frozen tissues or Western-Blotting

Immunogen: Recombinant protein corresponding to residues from human protein cyclin E.

Name: Keratin CAM5.2 Antibody Clone CAM5.2

Description and applications: The nomenclature coined in 1982 by Moll and Franke assigned ranges from 1 to 8 for keratin type II (neutral or basic) and between 9 and 21 for type I (acidic). However and because of the high homology among the different molecules is common for a single monoclonal antibody to react with different types of keratins. Keratin CAM 5.2 antibody reacts with 38-50 kD molecular weight keratins present in most simple and ductal epithelia. This antibody is useful for identifying normal and neoplastic epithelial cells in histological sections. Positive stain is obtained in adenocarcinomas of the breast, bowel, liver, renal, neuroendocrine carcinomas (eg Merkel cell tumor), mesotheliomas , germ cell tumors (except seminoma), synovial and epithelioid sarcoma. Some tissues of non-epithelial origin can be immunostained as smooth muscle, some breast sarcomas, meningiomas and malignant neuroblastomas. CAM 5.2 doesn´t stain the stratified epitheliums and does not react with carcinomas arising in the esophagus, vagina and cervix. Negative results were also obtained in lymphomas, melanomas, meningiomas, sarcomas and seminomas.

Composition: IgG2a immunoglobulin, obtained from mouse ascites purified by chromatography and diluted in Tris Buffer, pH 7.3-7.7, with 1% BSA and <0.1% Sodium Azide.

Imunogen: human colorectal carcinoma cell line HT24.