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Name: Neuronal Nuclear Protein  (NeuN)-clone A60

Description and aplications: NeuN antibody (NEUronal Nuclei; clone A60) specifically recognizes the DNA-binding, neuron-specific protein NeuN, which is present in most CNS and PNS neuronal cell types of all vertebrates. NeuN protein distributions are apparently restricted to neuronal nuclei, perikarya and some proximal neuronal processes in both fetal and adult brain although, some neurons fail to be recognized by NeuN at all ages: INL retinal cells, Cajal-Retzius cells, Purkinje cells, inferior olivary and dentate nucleus neurons, and sympathetic ganglion cells are examples. Immunohistochemically detectable NeuN protein first appears at developmental timepoints that correspond with the withdrawal of the neuron from the cell cycle and/or with the initiation of terminal differentiation of the neuron. Immunoreactivity appears around E9.5 in the mouse neural tube and is extensive throughout the developing nervous system by E12.5. Strong nuclear staining suggests a nuclear regulatory protein function; however, no evidence currently exists as to whether the NeuN protein antigen has a function in the distal cytoplasm or whether it is merely synthesized there before being transported back into the nucleus. No difference between protein isolated from purified nuclei and whole brain extract on immunoblots has been found. The A60 antibody is a neuronal widely used tumor marker. NeuN is expressed in the neuronal component gangliogliomas , ganglioneuromas , Lhermitte -Duclos disease ( gangliocytoma with cerebellar dysplasia) , neurocitomas , in well-differentiated neurons and the oligodendrocytes like component present in dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors . The expression in over 60% of the cells in glial tumors has been referenced in specific cases (1 oligodendroglioma , 3 glioblastomas and one clear cell ependymoma from over 600 cases studied ) . NeuN is often negative in the component neuronal ganglion cell tumors in particular when it is morphologically differentiated . This antibody cross-reacts with other species (mouse, rat, pig , etc.).

Composition: anti- Neuronal Nuclear Protein (NeuN) mouse monoclonal antibody obtained from supernatant culture and prediluted in a tris buffered solution pH 7.4 containing 0.375mM sodium azide solution as bacteriostatic and bactericidal. The quantity of the active antibody was not determined.

Immunogen: Purified cell nuclei from mouse brain

Name: Neurofilament 70/200 kDa Antibody-Clone 2F11

Description and aplication: AntiNeurofilament antibody stains an antigen localized in a number of neural, neuroendocrine, and endocrine tumors. Neuromas, ganglioneuromas, gangliogliomas, ganglioneuroblastomas and neuroblastomas stain positively for neurofilament. Neurofilaments are also present in paragangliomas and adrenal and extraadrenal pheochromocytomas. Carcinoids, neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin, and oat cell carcinomas of the lung also express neurofilament.

Composition:Anti-human Neurofilament mouse monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Name: MSH2 (MutS Protein Homolog 2) Mouse] Antibody Clone FE11

Description and applications: MSH2 is involved in DNA repair as a mismatch repair protein, and mutations of MSH2 are found in approximately 50% of inherited non polyposis colorectal carcinoma (HNPCC) (Lynch syndrome) cases. HNPCC is an autosomal, dominantly inherited disease associated with marked increase in cancer susceptibility. It is characterized by a familial predisposition to early onset colorectal carcinoma and extra-colonic cancers of the gastrointestinal, urological and female reproductive tracts.

Composition: anti-human MSH2 mouse monoclonal antibody purified from ascites fluid by Protein A chromatography. Prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Name: Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) Antibody (Clone MUC5AC, MD-19 also known as MRQ-19)

Description and applications: Mucins are glycoproteins of high molecular weight linked to oligosaccharides in the threonine or serine wastes by glycosidic bonds produced by different epithelial cells. In humans, at least 14 genes coding for mucins have been identified (MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC6, MUC7, MUC8, MUC9, MUC11, MUC12, MUC13 and MUC16). Mucins are classified as follows: Membrane-bound mucins (MUC1, MUC3, MUC4, MUC12 and MUC16), secreted mucins forming gel-like secretion (MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC6) and secreted soluble mucin (MUC7). Mucins are the main component of the mucous membrane that protects the gastric mucosa from the chemical and mechanical insults. This antibody reacts with the mucin 5AC. MUC5AC isthe glycoprotein secreted forming gel-like secretions expressed by the gastric epithelium and the respiratory tract. The distribution of the expression of the mucins is heterogeneous MUC1 (stomach and pancreas), MUC2 (small and large intestine), MUC4 (stomach), MUC5AC (stomach) and MUC6 (stomach, small intestine and pancreas). MUC5AC is expressed in apical rim in normal cells and also in the lateral edges of the cytoplasmic membrane and intracytoplasmically in carcinomas of different tissues. MUC5AC is expressed in normal gastric epithelium in the cardia, fundus and pyloric antrum. Barrett’s esophagus shows positivity for this mucin; MUC5AC is not expressed in the small intestine, large intestine nor pancreas. In neoplastic tissues, it is expressed in pancreatic, colon and appendix adenocarcinomas, extramammary Paget’s disease Colloid carcinomas of the breast nor cholangiocarcinomas in general do not express MUC5AC. The mucin expression pattern in tumors has been associated with the tumor location, the biological insult and the infiltration capacity of some neoplasias.

Composition: Anti-human Mucin 5AC mouse monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Name: Mucin 2 (MUC-2) Antibody (Clone Ccp58)

Description and applications: Secreted epithelial mucins are large macromolecules which exhibit extreme polydispersity. Mucin 2 is the major intestinal mucin. O-glycans are attached to MUC2 in a potentially diverse arrangement, which is crucial for their interaction with endogeneous and exogeneous lectins. MUC2 is expressed in glandular epithelium (goblet cells) of normal small and large intestine, Barrett’s esophagus and breast glandular epithelium; it is not expressed in stomach or pancreas. In neoplastic tissues the pattern of mucins expression in tumours has been associated with tumor location, the biological aggressiveness and the infiltration capacity of certain malignancies. MUC2 is expressed by colon and appendix signet ring adenocarcinomas, breast colloid carcinoma, Paget’s disease of the breast and prostate carcinoma. It is not expresses by endometrial carcinomas, the non-mucinous breast or pancreatobiliary carcinomas.

Composition: anti-human MUC-2 mouse monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Name: Anti-Mucin 6 (MUC6) Antibody (Clone MRQ-20)

Description and aplications: Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins produced by epithelial cells. In humans, at least 14 genes encoding mucin has been identified (MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC6, MUC7, MUC8, MUC9, MUC11, MUC12, MUC13 and MUC16). Mucins are classified as membrane associated (MUC1, MUC3, MUC4, MUC12 and MUC16), secreted mucins forming gels (MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC6), or soluble secreted mucin (MUC7). Mucins are the major component of the mucus layer which protects against chemical and mechanical gastric mucosa aggression. MUC6 is expressed in the normal gastric epithelium of the pyloric antrum, in Brüner duodenal glands, small intestine, and pancreas; MUC6 is not expressed in ducts or acini of normal breasts or Barrett’s esophagus. In neoplastic tissues MUC6 is expressed in colloidal breast carcinomas. Breast carcinomas, pancreatic adenocarcinomas and cholangiocarcinomas do not express MUC6. The pattern of mucin expression in tumors has been associated with tumor location, the biological aggressiveness, and the infiltration capacity of certain malignancies.

Composition: anti-MUC-6 mouse monoclonal antibody obtained from supernatant culture and prediluted in a tris buffered solution pH 7.4 containing 0.375mM sodium azide solution as bacteriostatic and bactericidal.

Name: Lambda light chain Antibody (Clone EP172)

Description and applications: Each immunoglobulin molecule consists of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. There are two types of light chains designated as kappa and lambda. The gene rearrangement process that generates the immunoglobulin molecule results in either a productive kappa or lambda gene. The mechanics of the rearrangement process normally produce approximately twice as many kappa-bearing cells as lambda. However this ratio is lost during malignant transformation. The kappa light chain antibody labels kappa light chain expressing B lymphocytes and plasma cells. Other cells may also express kappa light chain due to nonspecific uptake of immunoglobulin.

Composition: anti-human Lambda light chain rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Name: Kappa light chain Antibody (Clone EP171)

Description and applications: Each immunoglobulin molecule consists of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. There are two types of light chains designated as kappa and lambda. The gene rearrangement process that generates the immunoglobulin molecule results in either a productive kappa or lambda gene. The mechanics of the rearrangement process normally produce approximately twice as many kappa-bearing cells as lambda. However this ratio is lost during malignant transformation. The kappa light chain antibody labels kappa light chain expressing B lymphocytes and plasma cells. Other cells may also express kappa light chain due to nonspecific uptake of immunoglobulin. Individual B cells express either kappa or lambda light chains. Monoclonality is generally assumed to be evidence of a malignant proliferation. The pairing of an antilambda with a kappa light chain antibody is useful for identifying monoclonality of lymphoid malignancies.

Composition: anti-human Kappa light chain rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Name: Rabbit anti-human p53 Monoclonal Antibody

Description and applications: p53 is a tumour suppressor gene expressed in a wide variety of tissue types and is involved in regulating cell growth, replication, and apoptosis. The p53 gene is located on chromosome 17p, a frequent location in the loss of alleles in many tumors such as lung, colon, breast and brain. p53 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer. In colon tumors, the p53 protein is expressed in 47% of cancers and only 9% of adenomas. In addition, p53 mutations are associated with a large number of malignant tumors, including ovarian, bladder and melanomas.

Composition: anti-human p53 rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from ascites. Prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide

Immunogen: Recombinant human full length wild type p53 protein

Name: PTEN Antibody (Clone 6H2.1)

Description and aplications: The antibody recognizes a protein fraction of 403 amino acids encoded by the PTEN gene located on chromosome 10q23.3 region. PTEN protein acts as a dual specificity phosphatase. On one hand, it dephosphorylates the phosphorylated proteins in tyrosine, serine, and threonine residues and on the other hand, it acts as a lipid phosphatase removing the phosphate group of the D3 position of the inositol ring in phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol-3,4-diphosphate, phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, and inositol 1,3,4,5- tetrakisfosfato. This last feature is critical to act as a tumor suppressor through the negative regulation of the signaling pathway PI3K-AKT / PKB. This latter controls cell cycle progression, the tissue development, cell migration, and inhibition of apoptosis. In this signaling pathway, PTEN antagonistic effect on PI3K-AKT / PKB also maintains the stability of p53. PTEN also controls other cell cycle proteins such as p27, p130, myc, and cyclin D1. PTEN gene mutations induce alterations in the functioning of cells in a manner that the loss of PTEN protein expression is associated with tumor genesis, cancer progression, and cancer-resistance to different
treatments. Due to its role in cell growth, the vast majority of normal tissues express high amount of the PTEN protein. The loss of PTEN protein expression was observed in some malignancies associated with abnormalities in the PTEN gene. These abnormalities
can be monoallelic (gliomas and carcinomas of breast, prostate, lung, and colon) or biallelic (endometrial carcinomas, prostate and breast cancer, or glioblastoma multiforme). There are also some genetic diseases with alterations of germinal type in the PTEN gene like Cowden syndrome, Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome, Lhermitte-Duclos disease and a subgroup of patients with Proteus syndrome. Somatic mutations of PTEN with loss of protein expression present variable incidences although they are often observed in sporadic endometrial carcinomas and in glioblastoma multiforme. These mutations are usually related to the histological grade of the tumor and are considered poor prognostic factors. Loss of PTEN expression is also a prognostic factor in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), tumors of the salivary glands, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder carcinomas, etc. In addition to being a prognostic factor, PTEN antibody immunostaining acts as a predictive indicator of the response to therapy using chemotherapeutic agents aimed at molecular targets. Controversial results obtained with the PTEN antibody are apparently related to the antibody clone used and/or tissue fixation issues. The only clone with reproducible results in the diagnosis of paraffin embedded samples, especially in endometrial adenocarcinomas and their precursor lesions, is the 6H2.1. However, superior results are always obtained in excisional biopsy or curettage samples in comparison with immunostaining of hysterectomies samples, where fixing is usually worse. In this sense and to mitigate immunostaining loss it is recommended to use freshly obtained serial sections of the sample.

Composition: anti-PTEN mouse monoclonal antibody obtained from supernatant culture and prediluted in a tris buffered solution pH 7.4 containing 0.375mM sodium azide solution as bacteriostatic and bactericidal.

Name: Mouse anti-human p57kip2 Monoclonal Antibody

Description and applications: p57Kip2 (or CDKN1C) is a potent tight-binding inhibitor of several G1 cyclin complexes, and is a negative regulator of cell proliferation. The gene encoding human p57Kip2 is located on chromosome 11p15.5, a region implicated in both sporadic cancers, Wilm’s tumor, and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), a cancer syndrome, making it a tumor suppressor candidate. BWS is characterized by numerous growth abnormalities and an increased risk of childhood tumors. Several types of childhood tumors including Wilms’ tumor, adrenocortical carcinoma and rhabdomyosarcoma display a specific loss of maternal 11p15 alleles, suggesting that genomic imprinting plays an important part. This region also contains two other imprinted genes, insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) and H19, both of which seem to be implicated in adrenal neoplasms. The practical use of p57kip2 antibody resides in the differential diagnosis of complete hydatidiform mole (comprised solely of paternal DNA and consequently with lack of nuclear expression in the cytotrophoblast and villous stromal cells), the incomplete hydatidiform mole (triploid) and edematous abortion. Extravillous trophoblastic islets, maternal decidua and stromal cells of the villi serve as internal controls in all three entities. The syncytiotrophoblast is negative in all cases.

Composition: anti-human p57kip2 mouse monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide

Intended use : Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin embedded tissues. Not tested on frozen tissues or Western-Blotting

Immunogen: Recombinant human p57Kip2 protein.