Category: IHC-Antibodies

Name : Antibody Ca19-9 clone 121SLE

Description and applications: CA19-9 antigen is highly expressed in gastrointestinal (gastric, pancreatic, and colonic) adenocarcinomas and salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinomas. Anti- CA19-9 antibody is usually not reactive with breast, kidney, and prostate carcinomas. Anti-human CA19-9 mouse monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide

Composition:Anti-human CA19-9 mouse monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.

Name: Pax-8 Antibody clone MD-50 also known as MRQ-50

Description and applications:PAX8 antibody recognizes a protein of 62kDa, identified as PAX8. It is a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. This nuclear protein is involved in thyroid follicular cell development and expression of thyroid-specific genes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with thyroid dysgenesis, thyroid follicular carcinomas, and atypical thyroid adenomas. PAX8 is expressed in the normal thyroid follicular cells and associated carcinomas. As a marker of mesonephric and müllerian organs, ovarian and renal normal and neoplasms are frequently positive. For that, non-ciliated mucosal cells of the fallopian tubes, and simple ovarian inclusion cysts and normal ovarian surface epithelial cells are positive. PAX8 is expressed in a high percentage of ovarian serous, endometrioid, and clear cell carcinomas, but only rarely in primary ovarian mucinous adenocarcinomas. PAX8 antibody may be used as an additional immunohistochemical marker for renal epithelial tumors as it is expressed by all the segments of the nephron and the great majority of renal tumours including sarcomatoid carcinomas. Thymic and parathyroid carcinomas and isolated cases of urothelial carcinomas, sex-cord stromal tumours of the ovary or squamous carcinomas of the lung have showed weak and focal positivity.

Composition:Anti-human PAX-8 mouse monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide

Name: CD45RA Monoclonal Antibody clone SPM504 

Description and aplications: This antibody reacts with the CD45RA isoform with a molecular mass of 220 kD. CD45RA is present in peripheral blood B cells, follicular mantle and centre, medullary thymocytes, monocytes, and mature T cells that have not been modulated by antigenic contact. In this regard, and after immune processing in the thymus, T cells are released into peripheral blood to colonize secondary lymphoid organs, including spleen, lymph nodes, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). These lymphocytes, not yet activated in vivo by antigens (naive cells), are phenotypically characterized by the co-expression of the highest molecular mass CD45 isoforms, CD45RAC and CD45RA, and CD62L (peripheral lymph node homing receptor), a decisive molecule for the fixation of cells in thymus-dependent areas of secondary lymphoid organs. When these cells are stimulated by its specific antigen expressed by the corresponding antigen-presenting cells and are transformed into effector T cells, either CD4- or CD8-positive or memory T cells, CD45RA and CD62L expression disappears, the former being replaced by the lower molecular mass CD45R0 isoform, and the latter, by various type 1 and type 2 integrins and APO-1/Fas receptor (CD95), an apoptosis inducer. The CD45 molecule, also called leukocyte common antigen, is a membrane glycoprotein that occupies up to 10% of the surface of cells expressing it. In mammals, its homology varies markedly between the intracytoplasmic region (greater than 90%) and the extracellular region (only 35%, although with similar domain organization). Structurally, there are multiple CD45 isoforms determined by the different possible ways of joining exons 4, 5, and 6 during the synthesis of the mRNA encoding the extracellular domain of the protein. These isoforms are referred to as A, B, and C, using the RABC terminology for the bigger isoform, which includes all three exons, RA and RB when the exonic expression is restricted to one of these exons, and RO to designate the smaller molecule, which lacks all three exons. The sequence of these three exons includes multiple oxygen-linked glycosylation sites that can be variably modified by sialic acid. This, on the one hand, causes the molecular mass of the different isoforms to vary between 180 kD (RO) and 240 kD (RABC); on the other hand, it gives these molecules remarkable differences in terms of their shape and anionic charge. The rest of CD45’s extracellular domain shows marked nitrogen-linked glycosylation and contains a cysteine-rich region followed by three amino acid repeats analogous to fibronectin type III domain. CD45’s high degree of glycosylation, attributable to both sialic acid and oligosaccharides on the variable domains and N-glycoconjugates on the constant extracellular domain, plays an important role in the functional activity of the molecule, as demonstrated by the interaction between CD45RO of T cells and B cells expressing CD22 or the mannose hybrids on CD45 in the development of immature thymocytes. The rest of the CD45 molecule consists of a single transmembrane domain followed by a long intracytoplasmic tail containing two tandem-placed identical domains (D1 and D2) with protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) homology. Of these domains, only D1 possesses enzymatic activity capable of rescuing TCR signal activation in CD45-deficient cell lines. The function of D2 is hardly understood, although it seems to contribute to the molecule’s intracytoplasmic stability. Although in in vitro models the extracellular domain of CD45 is not essential for its intracytoplasmic function, the exonic transcription of this domain is strongly regulated depending on the cell type that expresses it, its development, and its degree of activation, thus playing an important functional role in vivo.The CD45RA epitope recognized by the MB1 antibody is useful for the study of B-cell lymphomas; however, as some of them are not positive against it, it is advisable to use it as part of a large panel of antibodies. Because the epitope recognized by MB1 may be altered by prolonged formol fixation, and in order to ensure a correct interpretation of results, it is appropriate to check that at least some normal B cells in the histological section are stained. The antibody shows no reactivity against cortical thymocytes, immature T cells, and activated B cells. This antibody reacts against human tissue. In other species, it has not been tested.

Composition: Anti-human CD45RA mouse monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide

Name: CD68 Monoclonal Antibody clone KP-1

Description and aplications: Anti-CD68 marks cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage. This antibody is capable of staining monocytes, Kupffer cells, osteoclasts, NK cells, granulocytes and their precursors; lymphomas are negative or show a few granules. This antibody may be useful for the identification of myelomonocytic and histiocytic tumors. Anti-CD68 may help to distinguish malignant fibrous histiocytoma from other pleomorphic sarcomas. However, since this detects a formalinresistant epitope that may be associated with lysosomal granules, other lysosome-rich cells may also stain.

Composition: Anti-human CD68 mouse monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide

Name: Anti-human CDK4 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody clone DCS-35

Description and aplications: Cell cycle progression is controlled in part by a family of cyclin proteins and cyclin dependent kinases (Cdks). Cdk proteins work in concert with the cyclins to phosphorylate key substrates involved in each phase of cell cycle progression.
Another family of proteins, Cdk inhibitors, also plays a role in regulating the cell cycle by binding to cyclin-Cdk complexes and modulating their activity. Several Cdk proteins have been identified, including Cdk2-Cdk8, PCTAIRE-1-PCTAIRE-3, PITALRE and PITSLRE. Cdk4, in complex with D-type cyclins, is thought to regulate cell growth during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. This association with a D-type cyclin upregulates Cdk4 activity, whereas binding to the Cdk inhibitor p16 downregulates Cdk4 activity. Activation of the Cdk4-cyclin complexes requires phosphorylation on a single threonyl residue of Cdk4, catalyzed by a Cdk-activating protein (CAK).

Composition: Anti-human CDK4 mouse monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide

Intended use: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin embedded tissues. Not tested on frozen tissues or Western-Blotting

Name: Cytokeratin 17 Monoclonal Antibody clone EP98

Description and aplications: The widely known intermediate filaments proteins, which measure between 7 and 22 nm diameter (that is, a size between the one of the actin -5-7 nm and the tubulin -22-25 nm-), along with the previous ones, belong to the cytoskeleton of the vertebrates. This superfamily is made up of six subfamilies of molecules with different tissue expressions. Cytokeratins make up the homology I and II in humans. They are encoded in more than 49 different genes in the chromosomes 17 (I) and 12 (II). The nomenclature adopted in 1982 by Moll and Franke assigns the ranks 1 to 8 for the type II cytokeratins (neutral or basic) and between 9 and 21 for the type I (acid). Nowadays, an analogue nomenclature has been defined to name the hair keratin with theaddition of the Ha and Hb letters to separate the ones of the group I from group II. Structurally speaking, cytokeratins share with the rest of intermediate filaments a central axis of 310 amino acids made up of four α-helices domains (1A, 1B, 2A and 2B) highly preserved that define the type of intermediate filament that they will make up after its packing, separated by three non-helix binding sites (L1, L12 and L2) and two extreme domains highly different in size and sequence (head-1- and tail-2-), each of them with constant (E1/E2), variable (V1/V2) and homology regions (H1/H2), the last ones are characteristic of the type II keratins and absent of the type I. In variable domains, they have the most immunogenic properties and he main differences between each type of keratin. Usually, keratins assemble in heterodimers I/II and they co-express in pairs specifically in each tissue. Cytokeratin 17 of 46 KDa of molecular mass is a type I intermediate filament with an isoelectric point of 5.1 encoded by the gene of the same name located in the chromosome 17. Cytokeratin 17 is expressed in the basal and suprabasal cells of complex epithelium of the skin and skin adnexa. Furthermore, it is expressed in the basal cells of the pseudostratified epithelium of the trachea, larynx and bronchus. This antibody reacts with myoepithelial cells of the salivary and sweat glands. This antibody is useful to diagnose epithelial neoplasias that express cytokeratin 17 such as basal cell carcinomas, squamous lung cancers, adenoid cystic and mucoepidermoid salivary gland carcinomas, mesotheliomas, cholangiocarcinomas and numerous lung adenocarcinomas (>50%), colorectal adenocarcinomas (<50%), pancreatic adenocarcinomas (30%). Cytokeratin 17 is not detected in gastric adenocarcinomas, mucinous colorectal adenocarcinomas, hepatocellular carcinomas and Merkel-cell carcinomas.

Composition: Anti-human Cytokeratin 17 rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide

Name: PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen) Monoclonal Antibody clone PC10

Description and aplications: Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) or cyclin or polymerase delta auxiliary protein is elevated in the nucleus during late G1 phase immediately before the onset of DNA synthesis, becoming maximal during S-phase and declining during G2 and M phases. Its level correlates directly with rates of cellular proliferation and DNA synthesis. PCNA/cyclin may act as an auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase-delta to play a fundamental role in the initiation of cell proliferation The level of PCNA expression is directly related to the rate of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis. PCNA / cyclin could act as an auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase delta, which plays an essential role in the initiation of cell proliferation.This antibody is useful tool for studying the proliferating cells in normal tissues and its potential aberrant expression in neoplasms

Composition: anti-human PCNA mouse monoclonal antibody purified from ascites fluid by Protein A chromatography. Prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide

Immunogen: Recombinant rat PCNA protein

Name:PD-1 Antibody clone NAT105

Description and aplications: Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a member of the CD28 family of receptors that includes CD28, cytotoxic T-lymphocyteassociated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), inducible costimulator (ICOS), and B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator. These receptors play a role in the cellular immune response. For example, CD28 serves as a costimulatory receptor that enhances T-cell activation, whereas CTLA-4 serves as an inhibitor of T-cell activation. PD-1 also has an inhibitory function on T cells and B cells, and is important in peripheral tolerance. There are at least 2 ligands for PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2, which are expressed on a range of cells.
CD28 is constitutively expressed on most or all CD4+ T cells and approximately 50% of CD8+ T cells, whereas CTLA-4 is not expressed on resting T cells. PD-1 is also expressed on activated T cells, B cells, and myeloid cells. Iwai and coworkers studied the microanatomic distribution of PD-1 in human tonsil and found that PD-1 is expressed on most T cells and a small subset of B cells in the light zone of germinal centers, but not elsewhere in the tonsil. On that basis, it was postulated that PD-1 may play a role in the process of clonal selection of centrocytes, which occurs in this subanatomic site in germinal centers.

Composition: anti-human PD-1 mouse monoclonal antibody purified from ascites. Prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide

Name: PD-L1 Monoclonal Antibody clone CAL10

Description and applications:Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1, also known as CD274) inhibits tumor-reactive T cells via binding to the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor, rendering tumor cells resistant to CD8+ T cell-mediated lysis. Studies have shown that the inhibitory receptor PD-1 is expressed on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) while PD-L1 is expressed on tumor cells. Assessment of PD-L1 expression in combination with CD8+ TIL density may be a useful predictive metric in multiple cancers, including stage III NSCLC, hormone receptor negative breast cancer and sentinel lymph node melanoma. Clinical trials utilizing humanized chimeric antibodies that block inhibitory checkpoints, such as anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1, have demonstrated delayed tumor growth and increased survival. While identification of PD-L1 overexpression by IHC is not yet standardized, it has become increasingly  important to identify these tumors, as a directed therapy may improve clinical outcomes in these patients. In cutaneous melanoma, the targeting of PD1/PD-L1 has provided meaningful clinical benefit for patients in just the past 5-10 years. The use of IHC for protein identification, along with novel therapies, such as checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines, are generating new options for the treatment of cancer patients. The PD-L1 [CAL10] clone does not cross react with PDL2.

Composition: Anti-human PD-L1 rabbit monoclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide

Intended use: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin embedded tissues. Not tested on frozen tissues or Western-Blotting

Immunogen: Peptide corresponding to the region within human PD-L1.